Nutritional Adequacy and Diet Quality Are Associated with Standardized Height-for-Age among U.S. Children
Nutritional status affects linear growth and development. However, studies on the associations between nutritional status, diet quality, and age-standardized height in children are limited. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between macro- and micronutrient intake and food consumpt...
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/5/1689 |
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| author | Kijoon Kim Melissa M. Melough Dongwoo Kim Junichi R. Sakaki Joonsuk Lee Kyungju Choi Ock K. Chun |
| author_facet | Kijoon Kim Melissa M. Melough Dongwoo Kim Junichi R. Sakaki Joonsuk Lee Kyungju Choi Ock K. Chun |
| author_sort | Kijoon Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nutritional status affects linear growth and development. However, studies on the associations between nutritional status, diet quality, and age-standardized height in children are limited. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between macro- and micronutrient intake and food consumption and height-for-age Z score (HAZ) among US children in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). This cross-sectional population-based study included 6116 US children aged 2–18 years. The usual dietary intake of nutrients and food groups was estimated by the multiple source method (MSM) using two-day food consumption data from NHANES 2007–2014. After adjusting for covariates, HAZ was positively associated with intakes of energy, protein, carbohydrate, fat, vitamins A, D, E, B6, and B12, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, calcium, and iron. Children in the highest tertile of HAZ were less likely to consume lower than the EAR for vitamin E and calcium. Major foods consumed by children with lower HAZ were soft drinks, high-fat milk products, cakes, cookies, pastries, and pies, whereas children with higher HAZ tended to consume low-fat milk products, tea, and low-calorie fruit juice. These findings suggest that adequate nutritional intake, diet quality, and nutrient-dense food are important factors for height in children. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:22:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e97ed90131c84393aa11936ee353ef17 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:22:27Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-e97ed90131c84393aa11936ee353ef172023-11-21T19:56:54ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432021-05-01135168910.3390/nu13051689Nutritional Adequacy and Diet Quality Are Associated with Standardized Height-for-Age among U.S. ChildrenKijoon Kim0Melissa M. Melough1Dongwoo Kim2Junichi R. Sakaki3Joonsuk Lee4Kyungju Choi5Ock K. Chun6Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USADepartment of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USADepartment of Human Ecology, College of Natural Science, Korea National Open University, Seoul 03087, KoreaDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USABOM Institute of Nutrition and Natural Medicine, Seoul 05554, KoreaBOM Institute of Nutrition and Natural Medicine, Seoul 05554, KoreaDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USANutritional status affects linear growth and development. However, studies on the associations between nutritional status, diet quality, and age-standardized height in children are limited. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between macro- and micronutrient intake and food consumption and height-for-age Z score (HAZ) among US children in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). This cross-sectional population-based study included 6116 US children aged 2–18 years. The usual dietary intake of nutrients and food groups was estimated by the multiple source method (MSM) using two-day food consumption data from NHANES 2007–2014. After adjusting for covariates, HAZ was positively associated with intakes of energy, protein, carbohydrate, fat, vitamins A, D, E, B6, and B12, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, calcium, and iron. Children in the highest tertile of HAZ were less likely to consume lower than the EAR for vitamin E and calcium. Major foods consumed by children with lower HAZ were soft drinks, high-fat milk products, cakes, cookies, pastries, and pies, whereas children with higher HAZ tended to consume low-fat milk products, tea, and low-calorie fruit juice. These findings suggest that adequate nutritional intake, diet quality, and nutrient-dense food are important factors for height in children.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/5/1689height-for-agechildrennutritional adequacyNHANESdiet |
| spellingShingle | Kijoon Kim Melissa M. Melough Dongwoo Kim Junichi R. Sakaki Joonsuk Lee Kyungju Choi Ock K. Chun Nutritional Adequacy and Diet Quality Are Associated with Standardized Height-for-Age among U.S. Children Nutrients height-for-age children nutritional adequacy NHANES diet |
| title | Nutritional Adequacy and Diet Quality Are Associated with Standardized Height-for-Age among U.S. Children |
| title_full | Nutritional Adequacy and Diet Quality Are Associated with Standardized Height-for-Age among U.S. Children |
| title_fullStr | Nutritional Adequacy and Diet Quality Are Associated with Standardized Height-for-Age among U.S. Children |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nutritional Adequacy and Diet Quality Are Associated with Standardized Height-for-Age among U.S. Children |
| title_short | Nutritional Adequacy and Diet Quality Are Associated with Standardized Height-for-Age among U.S. Children |
| title_sort | nutritional adequacy and diet quality are associated with standardized height for age among u s children |
| topic | height-for-age children nutritional adequacy NHANES diet |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/5/1689 |
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