DDT Resistance in <i>Anopheles pharoensis</i> from Northern Cameroon Associated with High Cuticular Hydrocarbon Production
Despite the contribution of secondary vectors to malaria transmission, there is still not enough information on their susceptibility status to insecticides. The present study assesses the resistance profile of <i>Anopheles pharoensis</i> to DDT. WHO tube tests were used to screen mosquit...
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Genes |
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| author | Nelly Armanda Kala-Chouakeu Edmond Kopya Vasileia Balabanidou Borel Tchamen Djiappi Kyriaki Maria Papapostolou Timoléon Tchuinkam Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio |
| author_facet | Nelly Armanda Kala-Chouakeu Edmond Kopya Vasileia Balabanidou Borel Tchamen Djiappi Kyriaki Maria Papapostolou Timoléon Tchuinkam Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio |
| author_sort | Nelly Armanda Kala-Chouakeu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Despite the contribution of secondary vectors to malaria transmission, there is still not enough information on their susceptibility status to insecticides. The present study assesses the resistance profile of <i>Anopheles pharoensis</i> to DDT. WHO tube tests were used to screen mosquito populations collected from the far-north region of Cameroon for susceptibility to 4% DDT. High DDT resistance in <i>An. pharoensis</i> populations from Maga, Simatou and Yangah with mortality rates ranging from 62.79% to 80% was recorded. Direct sequencing (Sanger) of the VGSC gene was undertaken to search for <i>kdr</i> L1014F/S mutations. However, no <i>kdr</i> allele was detected in the resistant samples. We then looked for cuticle alterations and CHC identification and quantitation were undertaken using GC-MS and GC-FID. High production of cuticular hydrocarbon was recorded in the populations of Yangah and Simatou, with 2420.9 ± 265 and 2372.5 ± 225 ng CHCs/mg dry weight, respectively. The present findings are the first ever describing the development of cuticle resistance in <i>An. pharoensis</i>. The data suggest the need to expand surveillance activities on other vector species. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:11:11Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:11:11Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Genes |
| spelling | doaj.art-e9838069f9e8456a8fe5021287a25d582023-11-24T00:14:59ZengMDPI AGGenes2073-44252022-09-011310172310.3390/genes13101723DDT Resistance in <i>Anopheles pharoensis</i> from Northern Cameroon Associated with High Cuticular Hydrocarbon ProductionNelly Armanda Kala-Chouakeu0Edmond Kopya1Vasileia Balabanidou2Borel Tchamen Djiappi3Kyriaki Maria Papapostolou4Timoléon Tchuinkam5Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio6Vector-Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Applied Biology and Ecology Research Unit (VBID-URBEA), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 067, CameroonLaboratoire de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Organisation de Coordination Pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, CameroonInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, 71110 Heraklion, GreeceVector-Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Applied Biology and Ecology Research Unit (VBID-URBEA), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 067, CameroonInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, 71110 Heraklion, GreeceVector-Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Applied Biology and Ecology Research Unit (VBID-URBEA), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 067, CameroonLaboratoire de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Organisation de Coordination Pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, CameroonDespite the contribution of secondary vectors to malaria transmission, there is still not enough information on their susceptibility status to insecticides. The present study assesses the resistance profile of <i>Anopheles pharoensis</i> to DDT. WHO tube tests were used to screen mosquito populations collected from the far-north region of Cameroon for susceptibility to 4% DDT. High DDT resistance in <i>An. pharoensis</i> populations from Maga, Simatou and Yangah with mortality rates ranging from 62.79% to 80% was recorded. Direct sequencing (Sanger) of the VGSC gene was undertaken to search for <i>kdr</i> L1014F/S mutations. However, no <i>kdr</i> allele was detected in the resistant samples. We then looked for cuticle alterations and CHC identification and quantitation were undertaken using GC-MS and GC-FID. High production of cuticular hydrocarbon was recorded in the populations of Yangah and Simatou, with 2420.9 ± 265 and 2372.5 ± 225 ng CHCs/mg dry weight, respectively. The present findings are the first ever describing the development of cuticle resistance in <i>An. pharoensis</i>. The data suggest the need to expand surveillance activities on other vector species.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/10/1723DDT resistance<i>Anopheles pharoensis</i>cuticular hydrocarbonmalariaCameroon |
| spellingShingle | Nelly Armanda Kala-Chouakeu Edmond Kopya Vasileia Balabanidou Borel Tchamen Djiappi Kyriaki Maria Papapostolou Timoléon Tchuinkam Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio DDT Resistance in <i>Anopheles pharoensis</i> from Northern Cameroon Associated with High Cuticular Hydrocarbon Production Genes DDT resistance <i>Anopheles pharoensis</i> cuticular hydrocarbon malaria Cameroon |
| title | DDT Resistance in <i>Anopheles pharoensis</i> from Northern Cameroon Associated with High Cuticular Hydrocarbon Production |
| title_full | DDT Resistance in <i>Anopheles pharoensis</i> from Northern Cameroon Associated with High Cuticular Hydrocarbon Production |
| title_fullStr | DDT Resistance in <i>Anopheles pharoensis</i> from Northern Cameroon Associated with High Cuticular Hydrocarbon Production |
| title_full_unstemmed | DDT Resistance in <i>Anopheles pharoensis</i> from Northern Cameroon Associated with High Cuticular Hydrocarbon Production |
| title_short | DDT Resistance in <i>Anopheles pharoensis</i> from Northern Cameroon Associated with High Cuticular Hydrocarbon Production |
| title_sort | ddt resistance in i anopheles pharoensis i from northern cameroon associated with high cuticular hydrocarbon production |
| topic | DDT resistance <i>Anopheles pharoensis</i> cuticular hydrocarbon malaria Cameroon |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/10/1723 |
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