Seawater Effects on Thermally Aged Ambient Cured Carbon/Epoxy Composites: Moisture Kinetics and Uptake Characteristics
Carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy matrix composites using ambient- and moderate-temperature curing non-autoclave processes have broad applicability in marine, offshore, and naval applications. This research focuses on the characterization of moisture kinetics of ambient cured carbon/epoxy composites sub...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/9/2138 |
| _version_ | 1797601863767425024 |
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| author | Vistasp M. Karbhari Rabina Acharya SoonKook Hong |
| author_facet | Vistasp M. Karbhari Rabina Acharya SoonKook Hong |
| author_sort | Vistasp M. Karbhari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy matrix composites using ambient- and moderate-temperature curing non-autoclave processes have broad applicability in marine, offshore, and naval applications. This research focuses on the characterization of moisture kinetics of ambient cured carbon/epoxy composites subject to immersion in seawater for up to 72 weeks after prior periods of extended thermal aging. A two-stage model is shown to best describe the overall kinetics and response. The level of maximum moisture uptake shows an increasing trend with the temperature and time of prior thermal aging, reaching asymptotic levels at the highest levels. The transition point is seen to represent a shift between the diffusion and relaxation-/deterioration-based dominant regimes, and the ratio of uptake at the transition point to the maximum uptake can be correlated to the relaxation coefficient. Diffusivity, as expected, generally increases with the temperature of prior aging and shows changes based on the level of post-curing and network changes with time. Moisture uptake kinetics and characteristics developed through the sequence of exposures provide a better understanding of phenomena towards the development of a future comprehensive model capable of long-term prediction based on the sequential prior history of exposure to elevated temperatures and immersion in seawater. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:09:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e9880c796bc4487892423c162cdde231 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:09:36Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-e9880c796bc4487892423c162cdde2312023-11-17T23:35:44ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602023-04-01159213810.3390/polym15092138Seawater Effects on Thermally Aged Ambient Cured Carbon/Epoxy Composites: Moisture Kinetics and Uptake CharacteristicsVistasp M. Karbhari0Rabina Acharya1SoonKook Hong2Department of Civil Engineering, University of Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76006, USADepartment of Civil Engineering, University of Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76006, USADepartment of Mechanical and Naval Architectural Engineering, Naval Academy, Changwon City 440-746, Republic of KoreaCarbon fiber-reinforced epoxy matrix composites using ambient- and moderate-temperature curing non-autoclave processes have broad applicability in marine, offshore, and naval applications. This research focuses on the characterization of moisture kinetics of ambient cured carbon/epoxy composites subject to immersion in seawater for up to 72 weeks after prior periods of extended thermal aging. A two-stage model is shown to best describe the overall kinetics and response. The level of maximum moisture uptake shows an increasing trend with the temperature and time of prior thermal aging, reaching asymptotic levels at the highest levels. The transition point is seen to represent a shift between the diffusion and relaxation-/deterioration-based dominant regimes, and the ratio of uptake at the transition point to the maximum uptake can be correlated to the relaxation coefficient. Diffusivity, as expected, generally increases with the temperature of prior aging and shows changes based on the level of post-curing and network changes with time. Moisture uptake kinetics and characteristics developed through the sequence of exposures provide a better understanding of phenomena towards the development of a future comprehensive model capable of long-term prediction based on the sequential prior history of exposure to elevated temperatures and immersion in seawater.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/9/2138thermal agingseawatercarbon/epoxy compositediffusiondeteriorationhygrothermal |
| spellingShingle | Vistasp M. Karbhari Rabina Acharya SoonKook Hong Seawater Effects on Thermally Aged Ambient Cured Carbon/Epoxy Composites: Moisture Kinetics and Uptake Characteristics Polymers thermal aging seawater carbon/epoxy composite diffusion deterioration hygrothermal |
| title | Seawater Effects on Thermally Aged Ambient Cured Carbon/Epoxy Composites: Moisture Kinetics and Uptake Characteristics |
| title_full | Seawater Effects on Thermally Aged Ambient Cured Carbon/Epoxy Composites: Moisture Kinetics and Uptake Characteristics |
| title_fullStr | Seawater Effects on Thermally Aged Ambient Cured Carbon/Epoxy Composites: Moisture Kinetics and Uptake Characteristics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Seawater Effects on Thermally Aged Ambient Cured Carbon/Epoxy Composites: Moisture Kinetics and Uptake Characteristics |
| title_short | Seawater Effects on Thermally Aged Ambient Cured Carbon/Epoxy Composites: Moisture Kinetics and Uptake Characteristics |
| title_sort | seawater effects on thermally aged ambient cured carbon epoxy composites moisture kinetics and uptake characteristics |
| topic | thermal aging seawater carbon/epoxy composite diffusion deterioration hygrothermal |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/9/2138 |
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