Effects of interfacial interactions between metal and process control agents during ball milling on the microstructure of the milled Fe-based nanocrystalline alloy powder
Fe–Si–B–P–Cu nanocrystalline alloy were treated with ball-mill using a lubricant as a process control agent (PCA). The resulting alloy powder is a strong candidate material for soft magnetic composites. Two ball milling methods (continuous and interval) were employed to control the interactions betw...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844022016139 |
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| author | Satoshi Motozuka Hisashi Sato Hidenori Kuwata Mitsuo Bito Yasuo Okazaki |
| author_facet | Satoshi Motozuka Hisashi Sato Hidenori Kuwata Mitsuo Bito Yasuo Okazaki |
| author_sort | Satoshi Motozuka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fe–Si–B–P–Cu nanocrystalline alloy were treated with ball-mill using a lubricant as a process control agent (PCA). The resulting alloy powder is a strong candidate material for soft magnetic composites. Two ball milling methods (continuous and interval) were employed to control the interactions between the PCA and the alloy surface, and their effect on the microstructure of the prepared alloy particles was investigated. The alloy sheet was broken into small pieces and deformed plastically into flake-shaped particles regardless of the ball milling method implemented. Friction-force microscopy of the alloy immersed in the PCA revealed that the friction coefficient of the alloy surface exposed to air for a certain period was higher than that of the unexposed alloy surface (immediately after polishing). During ball milling, the ratio of the newly generated surface to the oxidized surfaces of the alloy subjected to interval milling was smaller than that of the alloy subjected to continuous milling. Therefore, the friction coefficient of the surface of the alloy subjected to interval milling was higher than that of the alloy subjected to continuous milling. Synchrotron radiation analysis revealed that the alloy subjected to interval milling exhibited enhanced surface friction, showing an obvious steepness and inflection in the diffraction intensity as a function of the tilt angle based on the Schulz reflection method. This indicates formation of crystallographic texture in α-Fe grains in an amorphous matrix. Hence, we demonstrated successfully that the ball milling process induced a crystallographic texture in the Fe-based nanocrystalline alloy due to plastic deformation due to the enhanced surface friction. The surface of the alloy was prepared based on the effect of the interfacial interactions between the alloy surface and the PCA. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T04:10:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e99058d3ae5c4772988f3be5778b2c80 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T04:10:08Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-e99058d3ae5c4772988f3be5778b2c802022-12-22T02:13:15ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402022-08-0188e10325Effects of interfacial interactions between metal and process control agents during ball milling on the microstructure of the milled Fe-based nanocrystalline alloy powderSatoshi Motozuka0Hisashi Sato1Hidenori Kuwata2Mitsuo Bito3Yasuo Okazaki4Department of Science and Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 sensui-cho, Tobata-ku, Kitakyushu, 804-8550, Japan; Corresponding author.Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, JapanTohoku Magnet Institute, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-0812, JapanTohoku Magnet Institute, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-0812, JapanDepartment of Materials and Science and Technology, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, JapanFe–Si–B–P–Cu nanocrystalline alloy were treated with ball-mill using a lubricant as a process control agent (PCA). The resulting alloy powder is a strong candidate material for soft magnetic composites. Two ball milling methods (continuous and interval) were employed to control the interactions between the PCA and the alloy surface, and their effect on the microstructure of the prepared alloy particles was investigated. The alloy sheet was broken into small pieces and deformed plastically into flake-shaped particles regardless of the ball milling method implemented. Friction-force microscopy of the alloy immersed in the PCA revealed that the friction coefficient of the alloy surface exposed to air for a certain period was higher than that of the unexposed alloy surface (immediately after polishing). During ball milling, the ratio of the newly generated surface to the oxidized surfaces of the alloy subjected to interval milling was smaller than that of the alloy subjected to continuous milling. Therefore, the friction coefficient of the surface of the alloy subjected to interval milling was higher than that of the alloy subjected to continuous milling. Synchrotron radiation analysis revealed that the alloy subjected to interval milling exhibited enhanced surface friction, showing an obvious steepness and inflection in the diffraction intensity as a function of the tilt angle based on the Schulz reflection method. This indicates formation of crystallographic texture in α-Fe grains in an amorphous matrix. Hence, we demonstrated successfully that the ball milling process induced a crystallographic texture in the Fe-based nanocrystalline alloy due to plastic deformation due to the enhanced surface friction. The surface of the alloy was prepared based on the effect of the interfacial interactions between the alloy surface and the PCA.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844022016139Microstructural evolutionPlastic deformationTribologyMetalPowder material |
| spellingShingle | Satoshi Motozuka Hisashi Sato Hidenori Kuwata Mitsuo Bito Yasuo Okazaki Effects of interfacial interactions between metal and process control agents during ball milling on the microstructure of the milled Fe-based nanocrystalline alloy powder Heliyon Microstructural evolution Plastic deformation Tribology Metal Powder material |
| title | Effects of interfacial interactions between metal and process control agents during ball milling on the microstructure of the milled Fe-based nanocrystalline alloy powder |
| title_full | Effects of interfacial interactions between metal and process control agents during ball milling on the microstructure of the milled Fe-based nanocrystalline alloy powder |
| title_fullStr | Effects of interfacial interactions between metal and process control agents during ball milling on the microstructure of the milled Fe-based nanocrystalline alloy powder |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of interfacial interactions between metal and process control agents during ball milling on the microstructure of the milled Fe-based nanocrystalline alloy powder |
| title_short | Effects of interfacial interactions between metal and process control agents during ball milling on the microstructure of the milled Fe-based nanocrystalline alloy powder |
| title_sort | effects of interfacial interactions between metal and process control agents during ball milling on the microstructure of the milled fe based nanocrystalline alloy powder |
| topic | Microstructural evolution Plastic deformation Tribology Metal Powder material |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844022016139 |
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