How to Restore Oxidative Balance That Was Disrupted by SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) is caused by different variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which emerged in December of 2019. COVID-19 pathogenesis is complex and involves a dysregulated renin angiotensin system. Severe courses of the disease are associated w...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-06-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/12/6377 |
| _version_ | 1797486667914805248 |
|---|---|
| author | Kajetan Kiełbowski Mariola Herian Andrzej Pawlik |
| author_facet | Kajetan Kiełbowski Mariola Herian Andrzej Pawlik |
| author_sort | Kajetan Kiełbowski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) is caused by different variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which emerged in December of 2019. COVID-19 pathogenesis is complex and involves a dysregulated renin angiotensin system. Severe courses of the disease are associated with a dysregulated immunological response known as cytokine storm. Many scientists have demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 impacts oxidative homeostasis and stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, the virus inhibits glutathione (GSH) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)—a major antioxidant which induces expression of protective proteins and prevents ROS damage. Furthermore, the virus stimulates NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes which play a significant role in inducing a cytokine storm. A variety of agents with antioxidant properties have shown beneficial effects in experimental and clinical studies of COVID-19. This review aims to present mechanisms of oxidative stress induced by SARS-CoV-2 and to discuss whether antioxidative drugs can counteract detrimental outcomes of a cytokine storm. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:37:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e9906a8143734b41ba485caee9066f32 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:37:31Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-e9906a8143734b41ba485caee9066f322023-11-23T16:59:36ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-06-012312637710.3390/ijms23126377How to Restore Oxidative Balance That Was Disrupted by SARS-CoV-2 InfectionKajetan Kiełbowski0Mariola Herian1Andrzej Pawlik2Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, PolandCoronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) is caused by different variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which emerged in December of 2019. COVID-19 pathogenesis is complex and involves a dysregulated renin angiotensin system. Severe courses of the disease are associated with a dysregulated immunological response known as cytokine storm. Many scientists have demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 impacts oxidative homeostasis and stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, the virus inhibits glutathione (GSH) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)—a major antioxidant which induces expression of protective proteins and prevents ROS damage. Furthermore, the virus stimulates NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes which play a significant role in inducing a cytokine storm. A variety of agents with antioxidant properties have shown beneficial effects in experimental and clinical studies of COVID-19. This review aims to present mechanisms of oxidative stress induced by SARS-CoV-2 and to discuss whether antioxidative drugs can counteract detrimental outcomes of a cytokine storm.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/12/6377SARS-CoV-2COVID-19antioxidantsoxidative stresscytokine storm |
| spellingShingle | Kajetan Kiełbowski Mariola Herian Andrzej Pawlik How to Restore Oxidative Balance That Was Disrupted by SARS-CoV-2 Infection International Journal of Molecular Sciences SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 antioxidants oxidative stress cytokine storm |
| title | How to Restore Oxidative Balance That Was Disrupted by SARS-CoV-2 Infection |
| title_full | How to Restore Oxidative Balance That Was Disrupted by SARS-CoV-2 Infection |
| title_fullStr | How to Restore Oxidative Balance That Was Disrupted by SARS-CoV-2 Infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | How to Restore Oxidative Balance That Was Disrupted by SARS-CoV-2 Infection |
| title_short | How to Restore Oxidative Balance That Was Disrupted by SARS-CoV-2 Infection |
| title_sort | how to restore oxidative balance that was disrupted by sars cov 2 infection |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 antioxidants oxidative stress cytokine storm |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/12/6377 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kajetankiełbowski howtorestoreoxidativebalancethatwasdisruptedbysarscov2infection AT mariolaherian howtorestoreoxidativebalancethatwasdisruptedbysarscov2infection AT andrzejpawlik howtorestoreoxidativebalancethatwasdisruptedbysarscov2infection |