Population-Based Temporal Trends and Ethnic Disparity in Cervical Cancer Mortality in South Africa (1999–2018): A Join Point and Age–Period–Cohort Regression Analyses
Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths among women in low- and middle-income countries such as South Africa. The current impact of national cervical cancer control and sexual and reproductive health interventions in South Africa reduce its burden. The aim of this study was to...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/24/6256 |
| _version_ | 1797461047180787712 |
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| author | Gbenga Olorunfemi Elena Libhaber Oliver Chukwujekwu Ezechi Eustasius Musenge |
| author_facet | Gbenga Olorunfemi Elena Libhaber Oliver Chukwujekwu Ezechi Eustasius Musenge |
| author_sort | Gbenga Olorunfemi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths among women in low- and middle-income countries such as South Africa. The current impact of national cervical cancer control and sexual and reproductive health interventions in South Africa reduce its burden. The aim of this study was to assess the trends in cervical cancer mortality and its relation to breast and gynaecological cancers in South Africa from 1999 to 2018. We conducted joinpoint regression analyses of the trends in crude and age-standardised mortality rates (ASMR) for cervical cancer mortality in South Africa from 1999 to 2018. An age–period–cohort regression analysis was also conducted to determine the impact of age, period, and cohort on cervical cancer mortality trends. Analyses were stratified by ethnicity. Cervical cancer (<i>n</i> = 59,190, 43.92%, 95% CI: 43.65–44.18%) was responsible for about 43.9% of breast and gynecological cancer deaths. The mortality rate of cervical cancer (from 11.7 to 14.08 per 100,000) increased at about 0.9% per annum (Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC): 0.9% (AAPC: 0.9%, <i>p</i>-value < 0.001)), and young women aged 25 to 49 years (AAPC: 1.2–3.5%, <i>p</i>-value < 0.001) had increased rates. The risk of cervical cancer mortality increased among successive birth cohorts. In 2018, cervical cancer mortality rate among Blacks (16.74 per 100,000 women) was about twice the rates among Coloureds (8.53 deaths per 100,000 women) and approximately four-fold among Indians/Asians (4.16 deaths per 100,000 women), and Whites (3.06 deaths per 100,000 women). Cervical cancer control efforts should be enhanced in South Africa and targeted at ethnic difference, age, period, and cohort effects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:14:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e9914a248d0b4568a26ead8095236b0c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:14:50Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-e9914a248d0b4568a26ead8095236b0c2023-11-24T13:48:55ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942022-12-011424625610.3390/cancers14246256Population-Based Temporal Trends and Ethnic Disparity in Cervical Cancer Mortality in South Africa (1999–2018): A Join Point and Age–Period–Cohort Regression AnalysesGbenga Olorunfemi0Elena Libhaber1Oliver Chukwujekwu Ezechi2Eustasius Musenge3Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South AfricaFaculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South AfricaDivision of Clinical Sciences, Nigerian Institute for Medical Research, Lagos 12003, NigeriaDivision of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South AfricaCervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths among women in low- and middle-income countries such as South Africa. The current impact of national cervical cancer control and sexual and reproductive health interventions in South Africa reduce its burden. The aim of this study was to assess the trends in cervical cancer mortality and its relation to breast and gynaecological cancers in South Africa from 1999 to 2018. We conducted joinpoint regression analyses of the trends in crude and age-standardised mortality rates (ASMR) for cervical cancer mortality in South Africa from 1999 to 2018. An age–period–cohort regression analysis was also conducted to determine the impact of age, period, and cohort on cervical cancer mortality trends. Analyses were stratified by ethnicity. Cervical cancer (<i>n</i> = 59,190, 43.92%, 95% CI: 43.65–44.18%) was responsible for about 43.9% of breast and gynecological cancer deaths. The mortality rate of cervical cancer (from 11.7 to 14.08 per 100,000) increased at about 0.9% per annum (Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC): 0.9% (AAPC: 0.9%, <i>p</i>-value < 0.001)), and young women aged 25 to 49 years (AAPC: 1.2–3.5%, <i>p</i>-value < 0.001) had increased rates. The risk of cervical cancer mortality increased among successive birth cohorts. In 2018, cervical cancer mortality rate among Blacks (16.74 per 100,000 women) was about twice the rates among Coloureds (8.53 deaths per 100,000 women) and approximately four-fold among Indians/Asians (4.16 deaths per 100,000 women), and Whites (3.06 deaths per 100,000 women). Cervical cancer control efforts should be enhanced in South Africa and targeted at ethnic difference, age, period, and cohort effects.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/24/6256APC analysisage–period–cohort analysiscervical cancer mortality rateethnic disparity of cervical cancerjoinpoint regressionSouth Africa |
| spellingShingle | Gbenga Olorunfemi Elena Libhaber Oliver Chukwujekwu Ezechi Eustasius Musenge Population-Based Temporal Trends and Ethnic Disparity in Cervical Cancer Mortality in South Africa (1999–2018): A Join Point and Age–Period–Cohort Regression Analyses Cancers APC analysis age–period–cohort analysis cervical cancer mortality rate ethnic disparity of cervical cancer joinpoint regression South Africa |
| title | Population-Based Temporal Trends and Ethnic Disparity in Cervical Cancer Mortality in South Africa (1999–2018): A Join Point and Age–Period–Cohort Regression Analyses |
| title_full | Population-Based Temporal Trends and Ethnic Disparity in Cervical Cancer Mortality in South Africa (1999–2018): A Join Point and Age–Period–Cohort Regression Analyses |
| title_fullStr | Population-Based Temporal Trends and Ethnic Disparity in Cervical Cancer Mortality in South Africa (1999–2018): A Join Point and Age–Period–Cohort Regression Analyses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Population-Based Temporal Trends and Ethnic Disparity in Cervical Cancer Mortality in South Africa (1999–2018): A Join Point and Age–Period–Cohort Regression Analyses |
| title_short | Population-Based Temporal Trends and Ethnic Disparity in Cervical Cancer Mortality in South Africa (1999–2018): A Join Point and Age–Period–Cohort Regression Analyses |
| title_sort | population based temporal trends and ethnic disparity in cervical cancer mortality in south africa 1999 2018 a join point and age period cohort regression analyses |
| topic | APC analysis age–period–cohort analysis cervical cancer mortality rate ethnic disparity of cervical cancer joinpoint regression South Africa |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/24/6256 |
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