Geographic and Ecological Diversity of Green Sulfur Bacteria in Hot Spring Mat Communities
Three strains of thermophilic green sulfur bacteria (GSB) are known; all are from microbial mats in hot springs in Rotorua, New Zealand (NZ) and belong to the species <i>Chlorobaculum tepidum</i>. Here, we describe diverse populations of GSB inhabiting Travel Lodge Spring (TLS) (NZ) and...
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/12/2921 |
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| author | Donna L. Bedard Greta Van Slyke Ulrich Nübel Mary M. Bateson Sue Brumfield Yong Jun An Eric D. Becraft Jason M. Wood Vera Thiel David M. Ward |
| author_facet | Donna L. Bedard Greta Van Slyke Ulrich Nübel Mary M. Bateson Sue Brumfield Yong Jun An Eric D. Becraft Jason M. Wood Vera Thiel David M. Ward |
| author_sort | Donna L. Bedard |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Three strains of thermophilic green sulfur bacteria (GSB) are known; all are from microbial mats in hot springs in Rotorua, New Zealand (NZ) and belong to the species <i>Chlorobaculum tepidum</i>. Here, we describe diverse populations of GSB inhabiting Travel Lodge Spring (TLS) (NZ) and hot springs ranging from 36.1 °C to 51.1 °C in the Republic of the Philippines (PHL) and Yellowstone National Park (YNP), Wyoming, USA. Using targeted amplification and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, GSB 16S rRNA sequences were detected in mats in TLS, one PHL site, and three regions of YNP. GSB enrichments from YNP and PHL mats contained small, green, nonmotile rods possessing chlorosomes, chlorobactene, and bacteriochlorophyll <i>c</i>. Partial 16S rRNA gene sequences from YNP, NZ, and PHL mats and enrichments from YNP and PHL samples formed distinct phylogenetic clades, suggesting geographic isolation, and were associated with samples differing in temperature and pH, suggesting adaptations to these parameters. Sequences from enrichments and corresponding mats formed clades that were sometimes distinct, increasing the diversity detected. Sequence differences, monophyly, distribution patterns, and evolutionary simulation modeling support our discovery of at least four new putative moderately thermophilic <i>Chlorobaculum</i> species that grew rapidly at 40 °C to 44 °C. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:31:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e99b01ffcec8409c86e4cc40f943e6c4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:31:24Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
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| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-e99b01ffcec8409c86e4cc40f943e6c42023-12-22T14:26:04ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-12-011112292110.3390/microorganisms11122921Geographic and Ecological Diversity of Green Sulfur Bacteria in Hot Spring Mat CommunitiesDonna L. Bedard0Greta Van Slyke1Ulrich Nübel2Mary M. Bateson3Sue Brumfield4Yong Jun An5Eric D. Becraft6Jason M. Wood7Vera Thiel8David M. Ward9Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USADepartment of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USADepartment of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USADepartment of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USADepartment of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USADepartment of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USADepartment of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USADepartment of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USALeibniz-Institute DSMZ German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, 38124 Braunschweig, GermanyDepartment of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USAThree strains of thermophilic green sulfur bacteria (GSB) are known; all are from microbial mats in hot springs in Rotorua, New Zealand (NZ) and belong to the species <i>Chlorobaculum tepidum</i>. Here, we describe diverse populations of GSB inhabiting Travel Lodge Spring (TLS) (NZ) and hot springs ranging from 36.1 °C to 51.1 °C in the Republic of the Philippines (PHL) and Yellowstone National Park (YNP), Wyoming, USA. Using targeted amplification and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, GSB 16S rRNA sequences were detected in mats in TLS, one PHL site, and three regions of YNP. GSB enrichments from YNP and PHL mats contained small, green, nonmotile rods possessing chlorosomes, chlorobactene, and bacteriochlorophyll <i>c</i>. Partial 16S rRNA gene sequences from YNP, NZ, and PHL mats and enrichments from YNP and PHL samples formed distinct phylogenetic clades, suggesting geographic isolation, and were associated with samples differing in temperature and pH, suggesting adaptations to these parameters. Sequences from enrichments and corresponding mats formed clades that were sometimes distinct, increasing the diversity detected. Sequence differences, monophyly, distribution patterns, and evolutionary simulation modeling support our discovery of at least four new putative moderately thermophilic <i>Chlorobaculum</i> species that grew rapidly at 40 °C to 44 °C.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/12/2921<i>Chlorobaculum tepidum</i>photosynthesischlorosomesbacteriochlorophyll <i>c</i>thermophileecological species |
| spellingShingle | Donna L. Bedard Greta Van Slyke Ulrich Nübel Mary M. Bateson Sue Brumfield Yong Jun An Eric D. Becraft Jason M. Wood Vera Thiel David M. Ward Geographic and Ecological Diversity of Green Sulfur Bacteria in Hot Spring Mat Communities Microorganisms <i>Chlorobaculum tepidum</i> photosynthesis chlorosomes bacteriochlorophyll <i>c</i> thermophile ecological species |
| title | Geographic and Ecological Diversity of Green Sulfur Bacteria in Hot Spring Mat Communities |
| title_full | Geographic and Ecological Diversity of Green Sulfur Bacteria in Hot Spring Mat Communities |
| title_fullStr | Geographic and Ecological Diversity of Green Sulfur Bacteria in Hot Spring Mat Communities |
| title_full_unstemmed | Geographic and Ecological Diversity of Green Sulfur Bacteria in Hot Spring Mat Communities |
| title_short | Geographic and Ecological Diversity of Green Sulfur Bacteria in Hot Spring Mat Communities |
| title_sort | geographic and ecological diversity of green sulfur bacteria in hot spring mat communities |
| topic | <i>Chlorobaculum tepidum</i> photosynthesis chlorosomes bacteriochlorophyll <i>c</i> thermophile ecological species |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/12/2921 |
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