Ginsenoside Rb1 enhanced immunity and altered the gut microflora in mice immunized by H1N1 influenza vaccine
Background Influenza is an acute infectious respiratory disease caused by the influenza virus that seriously damages human health, and the essential way to prevent influenza is the influenza vaccine. Vaccines without adjuvants produce insufficient specific antibodies and therefore require adjuvants...
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PeerJ Inc.
2023-10-01
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| author | Chuanqi Wan Rufeng Lu Chen Zhu Haibo Wu Guannan Shen Yang Yang Xiaowei Wu Bangjiang Fang Yuzhou He |
| author_facet | Chuanqi Wan Rufeng Lu Chen Zhu Haibo Wu Guannan Shen Yang Yang Xiaowei Wu Bangjiang Fang Yuzhou He |
| author_sort | Chuanqi Wan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background Influenza is an acute infectious respiratory disease caused by the influenza virus that seriously damages human health, and the essential way to prevent influenza is the influenza vaccine. Vaccines without adjuvants produce insufficient specific antibodies and therefore require adjuvants to boost antibody titers. Microbes and hosts are a community that needs to “promote bacteria,” which could provide new value for the immune effect. Methods (1) The H1N1 influenza vaccine, in combination with Ginsenoside Rb1, was co-injected into mice intraperitoneally (I.P.). Then, immunoglobulin G and antibody subtype levels were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, mice were infected with a lethal dose of the H1N1 influenza virus (A/Michigan/45/2015), and survival status was recorded for 14 days. Lung tissues were stained by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and ELISA detected inflammatory factor expression levels. (2) Mice were immunized with Ginsenoside Rb1 combined with quadrivalent influenza inactivated vaccine(IIV4), and then IgG levels were measured by ELISA. (3) Fresh stool was collected for fecal 16S rDNA analysis. Results Ginsenoside Rb1 boosted IgG and antibody subtypes in the H1N1 influenza vaccine, improved survival of mice after virus challenge, attenuated lung histopathological damage, and reduced inflammatory cytokines expression in IL-6 and TNF-α. The results of 16S rDNA showed that Rb1 decreased species diversity but increased species richness compared to the PBS group and increased the abundance of Akkermansiaceae and Murbaculaceae at the Family and Genus levels compared with the HA+Alum group. Conclusion Ginsenoside Rb1 has a boosting effect on the immune efficacy of the H1N1 influenza vaccine and is promising as a novel adjuvant to regulate the microecological balance and achieve an anti-infective effect. |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:50:25Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-e9a1aa285df64971a5e99fa68a573e222023-12-03T13:11:26ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592023-10-0111e1622610.7717/peerj.16226Ginsenoside Rb1 enhanced immunity and altered the gut microflora in mice immunized by H1N1 influenza vaccineChuanqi Wan0Rufeng Lu1Chen Zhu2Haibo Wu3Guannan Shen4Yang Yang5Xiaowei Wu6Bangjiang Fang7Yuzhou He8Department of Emergency, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, Xuhui, ChinaDepartment of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Shangcheng, ChinaDepartment of ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Shangcheng, ChinaThe First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Shangcheng, ChinaDepartment of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Shangcheng, ChinaDepartment of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Shangcheng, ChinaDepartment of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Shangcheng, ChinaDepartment of Emergency, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, Xuhui, ChinaDepartment of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Shangcheng, ChinaBackground Influenza is an acute infectious respiratory disease caused by the influenza virus that seriously damages human health, and the essential way to prevent influenza is the influenza vaccine. Vaccines without adjuvants produce insufficient specific antibodies and therefore require adjuvants to boost antibody titers. Microbes and hosts are a community that needs to “promote bacteria,” which could provide new value for the immune effect. Methods (1) The H1N1 influenza vaccine, in combination with Ginsenoside Rb1, was co-injected into mice intraperitoneally (I.P.). Then, immunoglobulin G and antibody subtype levels were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, mice were infected with a lethal dose of the H1N1 influenza virus (A/Michigan/45/2015), and survival status was recorded for 14 days. Lung tissues were stained by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and ELISA detected inflammatory factor expression levels. (2) Mice were immunized with Ginsenoside Rb1 combined with quadrivalent influenza inactivated vaccine(IIV4), and then IgG levels were measured by ELISA. (3) Fresh stool was collected for fecal 16S rDNA analysis. Results Ginsenoside Rb1 boosted IgG and antibody subtypes in the H1N1 influenza vaccine, improved survival of mice after virus challenge, attenuated lung histopathological damage, and reduced inflammatory cytokines expression in IL-6 and TNF-α. The results of 16S rDNA showed that Rb1 decreased species diversity but increased species richness compared to the PBS group and increased the abundance of Akkermansiaceae and Murbaculaceae at the Family and Genus levels compared with the HA+Alum group. Conclusion Ginsenoside Rb1 has a boosting effect on the immune efficacy of the H1N1 influenza vaccine and is promising as a novel adjuvant to regulate the microecological balance and achieve an anti-infective effect.https://peerj.com/articles/16226.pdfGinsenoside Rb1PolysaccharideAdjuvantGut microbiota16S rRNA |
| spellingShingle | Chuanqi Wan Rufeng Lu Chen Zhu Haibo Wu Guannan Shen Yang Yang Xiaowei Wu Bangjiang Fang Yuzhou He Ginsenoside Rb1 enhanced immunity and altered the gut microflora in mice immunized by H1N1 influenza vaccine PeerJ Ginsenoside Rb1 Polysaccharide Adjuvant Gut microbiota 16S rRNA |
| title | Ginsenoside Rb1 enhanced immunity and altered the gut microflora in mice immunized by H1N1 influenza vaccine |
| title_full | Ginsenoside Rb1 enhanced immunity and altered the gut microflora in mice immunized by H1N1 influenza vaccine |
| title_fullStr | Ginsenoside Rb1 enhanced immunity and altered the gut microflora in mice immunized by H1N1 influenza vaccine |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ginsenoside Rb1 enhanced immunity and altered the gut microflora in mice immunized by H1N1 influenza vaccine |
| title_short | Ginsenoside Rb1 enhanced immunity and altered the gut microflora in mice immunized by H1N1 influenza vaccine |
| title_sort | ginsenoside rb1 enhanced immunity and altered the gut microflora in mice immunized by h1n1 influenza vaccine |
| topic | Ginsenoside Rb1 Polysaccharide Adjuvant Gut microbiota 16S rRNA |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/16226.pdf |
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