Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Mastic Oil Extracted from <i>Pistacia lentiscus</i> var. <i>chia</i>
Mastic oil (MO) is extracted from the resin of the bark of <i>Pistacia lentiscus</i> var. chia, a tree abundantly grown in the Greek island of Chios. Various biological activities, such as antimicrobial, anticancer and antioxidant, have been associated with the dietary intake of MO. Howe...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Immuno |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-5601/3/1/5 |
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| author | Katerina Spyridopoulou Georgios Aindelis Georgia Kolezaki Angeliki Tiptiri-Kourpeti Katerina Chlichlia |
| author_facet | Katerina Spyridopoulou Georgios Aindelis Georgia Kolezaki Angeliki Tiptiri-Kourpeti Katerina Chlichlia |
| author_sort | Katerina Spyridopoulou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mastic oil (MO) is extracted from the resin of the bark of <i>Pistacia lentiscus</i> var. chia, a tree abundantly grown in the Greek island of Chios. Various biological activities, such as antimicrobial, anticancer and antioxidant, have been associated with the dietary intake of MO. However, little is known about MO’s potential anti-inflammatory effects, while some of its main chemical constituents were reported to exert significant anti-inflammatory activity. This study aims to assay the bioactivity of MO on in vitro and in vivo experimental inflammation models, in particular on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, murine primary peritoneal macrophages and a model of zymosan-induced peritonitis in BALB/c mice. The <i>per os</i> administration of MO inhibited the recruitment of macrophages into the peritoneal cavity of zymosan-treated mice, but did not affect neutrophil mobilisation or the levels of IL-6 or TNF-α in the peritoneal fluid. Similarly, IL-6 and TNF-α secretion in primary LPS-stimulated macrophages was not affected by MO, but the levels of phosphoproteins that activate inflammation in macrophages were differentially regulated. Finally, MO and some of its individual constituents reduced nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 and TNF-α levels in supernatants of LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and inhibited their phagocytosis rate. Our data imply that MO may promote an anti-inflammatory transition in macrophages due to the combined bioactivities of its individual constituents. Thus, as a mixture of various compounds, MO seems to affect multiple molecular mechanisms that are involved in the development of inflammation. Therefore, more research, focusing on MO’s individual constituents and employing various pre-clinical inflammation models that activate different mechanisms, is required for a detailed investigation of the oil’s potential anti-inflammatory activity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:24:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e9a63616c1914c758785ec9eee792274 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-5601 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:24:34Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Immuno |
| spelling | doaj.art-e9a63616c1914c758785ec9eee7922742023-11-17T11:43:11ZengMDPI AGImmuno2673-56012023-02-0131577310.3390/immuno3010005Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Mastic Oil Extracted from <i>Pistacia lentiscus</i> var. <i>chia</i>Katerina Spyridopoulou0Georgios Aindelis1Georgia Kolezaki2Angeliki Tiptiri-Kourpeti3Katerina Chlichlia4Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, GreeceDepartment of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, GreeceDepartment of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, GreeceDepartment of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, GreeceDepartment of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, GreeceMastic oil (MO) is extracted from the resin of the bark of <i>Pistacia lentiscus</i> var. chia, a tree abundantly grown in the Greek island of Chios. Various biological activities, such as antimicrobial, anticancer and antioxidant, have been associated with the dietary intake of MO. However, little is known about MO’s potential anti-inflammatory effects, while some of its main chemical constituents were reported to exert significant anti-inflammatory activity. This study aims to assay the bioactivity of MO on in vitro and in vivo experimental inflammation models, in particular on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, murine primary peritoneal macrophages and a model of zymosan-induced peritonitis in BALB/c mice. The <i>per os</i> administration of MO inhibited the recruitment of macrophages into the peritoneal cavity of zymosan-treated mice, but did not affect neutrophil mobilisation or the levels of IL-6 or TNF-α in the peritoneal fluid. Similarly, IL-6 and TNF-α secretion in primary LPS-stimulated macrophages was not affected by MO, but the levels of phosphoproteins that activate inflammation in macrophages were differentially regulated. Finally, MO and some of its individual constituents reduced nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 and TNF-α levels in supernatants of LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and inhibited their phagocytosis rate. Our data imply that MO may promote an anti-inflammatory transition in macrophages due to the combined bioactivities of its individual constituents. Thus, as a mixture of various compounds, MO seems to affect multiple molecular mechanisms that are involved in the development of inflammation. Therefore, more research, focusing on MO’s individual constituents and employing various pre-clinical inflammation models that activate different mechanisms, is required for a detailed investigation of the oil’s potential anti-inflammatory activity.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-5601/3/1/5<i>Pistacia lentiscus</i> var. <i>chia</i>masticmastic oilanti-inflammatorymonoterpenespinene |
| spellingShingle | Katerina Spyridopoulou Georgios Aindelis Georgia Kolezaki Angeliki Tiptiri-Kourpeti Katerina Chlichlia Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Mastic Oil Extracted from <i>Pistacia lentiscus</i> var. <i>chia</i> Immuno <i>Pistacia lentiscus</i> var. <i>chia</i> mastic mastic oil anti-inflammatory monoterpenes pinene |
| title | Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Mastic Oil Extracted from <i>Pistacia lentiscus</i> var. <i>chia</i> |
| title_full | Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Mastic Oil Extracted from <i>Pistacia lentiscus</i> var. <i>chia</i> |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Mastic Oil Extracted from <i>Pistacia lentiscus</i> var. <i>chia</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Mastic Oil Extracted from <i>Pistacia lentiscus</i> var. <i>chia</i> |
| title_short | Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Mastic Oil Extracted from <i>Pistacia lentiscus</i> var. <i>chia</i> |
| title_sort | evaluation of the anti inflammatory properties of mastic oil extracted from i pistacia lentiscus i var i chia i |
| topic | <i>Pistacia lentiscus</i> var. <i>chia</i> mastic mastic oil anti-inflammatory monoterpenes pinene |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-5601/3/1/5 |
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