Epidemiology of hand, foot, and mouth disease and the genetic characteristics of Coxsackievirus A16 in Taiyuan, Shanxi, China from 2010 to 2021
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common childhood infectious disease caused by human enteroviruses (EV). This study aimed to describe the epidemiological features of HFMD and the genetic characteristics of Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) in Taiyuan, Shanxi, China, from 2010 to 2021. Descriptive...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2022.1040414/full |
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| author | Jiane Guo Jiane Guo Zijun Cao Hongyan Liu Jihong Xu Lifeng Zhao Li Gao Zhihong Zuo Yang Song Zhenzhi Han Yong Zhang Yong Zhang Jitao Wang Jitao Wang |
| author_facet | Jiane Guo Jiane Guo Zijun Cao Hongyan Liu Jihong Xu Lifeng Zhao Li Gao Zhihong Zuo Yang Song Zhenzhi Han Yong Zhang Yong Zhang Jitao Wang Jitao Wang |
| author_sort | Jiane Guo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common childhood infectious disease caused by human enteroviruses (EV). This study aimed to describe the epidemiological features of HFMD and the genetic characteristics of Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) in Taiyuan, Shanxi, China, from 2010 to 2021. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the time and population distribution of HFMD and the genetic characteristics of CVA16. Except being affected by the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020, HFMD epidemics were sporadic from January to March each year, and began to increase in April, with a major epidemic peak from May to August, which declined in September, followed by a secondary peak from October to December. The prevalence of EV infection was the highest in children aged one to five years (84.42%), whereas its incidence was very low in children under one year of age (5.48%). Enterovirus nucleic acid was detected by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in 6641 clinical specimens collected from patients with HFMD from 2010 to 2021, and 4236 EV-positive specimens were detected, including 988 enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), 1488 CVA16, and 1760 other enteroviruses. CVA16 remains prevalent and has co-circulated with other EVs in Taiyuan from 2010 to 2021. A phylogenetic tree constructed based on the VP1 region showed that all CVA16 strains belonged to two different clades of the B1 genotype, B1a and B1b. They showed a nucleotide similarity of 86.5–100%, and an amino acid similarity of 96.9–100%. Overall, these findings add to the global genetic resources of CVA16, demonstrate the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD as well as the genetic features of CVA16 in Taiyuan City during 2010–2021, and provide supporting evidence for the prevention and control of HFMD. |
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| id | doaj.art-e9a6cc77d3b142e9b59c03c8e172c304 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2235-2988 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T12:27:29Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-e9a6cc77d3b142e9b59c03c8e172c3042022-12-22T02:46:58ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882022-11-011210.3389/fcimb.2022.10404141040414Epidemiology of hand, foot, and mouth disease and the genetic characteristics of Coxsackievirus A16 in Taiyuan, Shanxi, China from 2010 to 2021Jiane Guo0Jiane Guo1Zijun Cao2Hongyan Liu3Jihong Xu4Lifeng Zhao5Li Gao6Zhihong Zuo7Yang Song8Zhenzhi Han9Yong Zhang10Yong Zhang11Jitao Wang12Jitao Wang13School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, ChinaDepartment of Microbiology Test, Taiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, Shanxi, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, ChinaDepartment of Microbiology Test, Taiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, Shanxi, ChinaDepartment of Microbiology Test, Taiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, Shanxi, ChinaDepartment of Microbiology Test, Taiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, Shanxi, ChinaDepartment of Microbiology Test, Taiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, Shanxi, ChinaWorld Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region Office (WPRO) Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, ChinaWorld Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region Office (WPRO) Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, ChinaWorld Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region Office (WPRO) Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, ChinaCenter for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, ChinaDepartment of Microbiology Test, Taiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, Shanxi, ChinaHand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common childhood infectious disease caused by human enteroviruses (EV). This study aimed to describe the epidemiological features of HFMD and the genetic characteristics of Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) in Taiyuan, Shanxi, China, from 2010 to 2021. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the time and population distribution of HFMD and the genetic characteristics of CVA16. Except being affected by the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020, HFMD epidemics were sporadic from January to March each year, and began to increase in April, with a major epidemic peak from May to August, which declined in September, followed by a secondary peak from October to December. The prevalence of EV infection was the highest in children aged one to five years (84.42%), whereas its incidence was very low in children under one year of age (5.48%). Enterovirus nucleic acid was detected by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in 6641 clinical specimens collected from patients with HFMD from 2010 to 2021, and 4236 EV-positive specimens were detected, including 988 enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), 1488 CVA16, and 1760 other enteroviruses. CVA16 remains prevalent and has co-circulated with other EVs in Taiyuan from 2010 to 2021. A phylogenetic tree constructed based on the VP1 region showed that all CVA16 strains belonged to two different clades of the B1 genotype, B1a and B1b. They showed a nucleotide similarity of 86.5–100%, and an amino acid similarity of 96.9–100%. Overall, these findings add to the global genetic resources of CVA16, demonstrate the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD as well as the genetic features of CVA16 in Taiyuan City during 2010–2021, and provide supporting evidence for the prevention and control of HFMD.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2022.1040414/fullhandfootand mouth diseaseepidemiologyCoxsackievirus A16genetic characteristics |
| spellingShingle | Jiane Guo Jiane Guo Zijun Cao Hongyan Liu Jihong Xu Lifeng Zhao Li Gao Zhihong Zuo Yang Song Zhenzhi Han Yong Zhang Yong Zhang Jitao Wang Jitao Wang Epidemiology of hand, foot, and mouth disease and the genetic characteristics of Coxsackievirus A16 in Taiyuan, Shanxi, China from 2010 to 2021 Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology hand foot and mouth disease epidemiology Coxsackievirus A16 genetic characteristics |
| title | Epidemiology of hand, foot, and mouth disease and the genetic characteristics of Coxsackievirus A16 in Taiyuan, Shanxi, China from 2010 to 2021 |
| title_full | Epidemiology of hand, foot, and mouth disease and the genetic characteristics of Coxsackievirus A16 in Taiyuan, Shanxi, China from 2010 to 2021 |
| title_fullStr | Epidemiology of hand, foot, and mouth disease and the genetic characteristics of Coxsackievirus A16 in Taiyuan, Shanxi, China from 2010 to 2021 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epidemiology of hand, foot, and mouth disease and the genetic characteristics of Coxsackievirus A16 in Taiyuan, Shanxi, China from 2010 to 2021 |
| title_short | Epidemiology of hand, foot, and mouth disease and the genetic characteristics of Coxsackievirus A16 in Taiyuan, Shanxi, China from 2010 to 2021 |
| title_sort | epidemiology of hand foot and mouth disease and the genetic characteristics of coxsackievirus a16 in taiyuan shanxi china from 2010 to 2021 |
| topic | hand foot and mouth disease epidemiology Coxsackievirus A16 genetic characteristics |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2022.1040414/full |
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