| Summary: | <i>Rosa gallica</i> is a widely used Rosa species for medicinal and culinary purposes. <i>Rosa gallica</i> has been reported to display antioxidant, anti−inflammatory, and antibacterial activities. However, the effect of <i>Rosa gallica</i> against skin aging in vivo is unknown and its active components have not been fully understood. Oral administration of <i>Rosa gallica</i> prevented UVB−mediated skin wrinkle formation and loss of collagen/keratin fibers in the dorsal skin of mice. Examination of biomarkers at the molecular level showed that <i>Rosa gallica</i> downregulates UVB−induced COX−2 and MMP−1 expression in the skin. Through a direct comparison of major compounds identified using the UHPLC−MS/MS system, we discovered gallic acid as the primary component contributing to the anti-skin aging effect exhibited by <i>Rosa gallica</i>. Examination of the molecular mechanism revealed that gallic acid can potently and selectively target the c−Raf/MEK/ERK/c−Fos signaling axis. In addition, both gallic acid and MEK inhibitor blocked UVB−induced MMP−1 expression and restored collagen levels in a reconstructed 3D human skin model. Collectively, <i>Rosa gallica</i> could be used as a functional ingredient in the development of nutraceuticals against skin aging.
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