Effect of predators on Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus larval survivorship in Homa Bay County Western Kenya
Abstract Background The rise of insecticide resistance against malaria vectors in sub-Saharan Africa has resulted in the need to consider other methods of vector control. The potential use of biological methods, including larvivorous fish, Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) and plant shading,...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Malaria Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-023-04741-w |
| _version_ | 1797578058710908928 |
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| author | Pauline Winnie Orondo Guofa Zhou Kevin O. Ochwedo Xiaoming Wang Benyl M. Ondeto Ming-Chieh Lee Steven G. Nyanjom Harrysone Atieli Andrew K. Githeko James W. Kazura Guiyun Yan |
| author_facet | Pauline Winnie Orondo Guofa Zhou Kevin O. Ochwedo Xiaoming Wang Benyl M. Ondeto Ming-Chieh Lee Steven G. Nyanjom Harrysone Atieli Andrew K. Githeko James W. Kazura Guiyun Yan |
| author_sort | Pauline Winnie Orondo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The rise of insecticide resistance against malaria vectors in sub-Saharan Africa has resulted in the need to consider other methods of vector control. The potential use of biological methods, including larvivorous fish, Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) and plant shading, is sustainable and environmentally friendly options. This study examined the survivorship of Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus larvae and habitat productivity in four permanent habitat types in Homa Bay county, western Kenya. Methods Predator densities were studied in a laboratory setup while habitat productivity and larval survivorship was studied in field setup. Results Fish were observed as the most efficient predator (75.8% larval reduction rate) followed by water boatman (69%), and dragonfly nymph (69.5%) in predation rates. Lower predation rates were observed in backswimmers (31%), water beetles (14.9%), water spiders (12.2%), mayflies (7.3%), and tadpoles (6.9%). Increase in predator density in the field setup resulted in decreased Culex larval density. Larval and pupa age–specific distribution was determined and their survivorship curves constructed. Combined larvae (Stage I–IV) to pupa mortality was over 97% for An. arabiensis and 100% for An. funestus. The highest larval stage survival rate was from larval stages I to II and the lowest from larval stage IV to pupa. Stage-specific life tables indicated high mortality rates at every developmental stage, especially at the larval stage II and III. Conclusion Determination of the efficiency of various larval predators and habitat productivity will help with the correct identification of productive habitats and selection of complementary vector control methods through environmental management and/or predator introduction (for instance fish) in the habitats. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:16:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e9b9d12d043f4324ad25f3c54ce50658 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1475-2875 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:16:51Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Malaria Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-e9b9d12d043f4324ad25f3c54ce506582023-11-19T12:26:13ZengBMCMalaria Journal1475-28752023-10-012211910.1186/s12936-023-04741-wEffect of predators on Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus larval survivorship in Homa Bay County Western KenyaPauline Winnie Orondo0Guofa Zhou1Kevin O. Ochwedo2Xiaoming Wang3Benyl M. Ondeto4Ming-Chieh Lee5Steven G. Nyanjom6Harrysone Atieli7Andrew K. Githeko8James W. Kazura9Guiyun Yan10Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyProgram in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at IrvineInternational Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Tom Mboya University, College of Maseno UniversityProgram in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at IrvineInternational Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Tom Mboya University, College of Maseno UniversityProgram in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at IrvineDepartment of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyInternational Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Tom Mboya University, College of Maseno UniversityCentre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research InstituteCenter for Global Health & Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve UniversityProgram in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at IrvineAbstract Background The rise of insecticide resistance against malaria vectors in sub-Saharan Africa has resulted in the need to consider other methods of vector control. The potential use of biological methods, including larvivorous fish, Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) and plant shading, is sustainable and environmentally friendly options. This study examined the survivorship of Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus larvae and habitat productivity in four permanent habitat types in Homa Bay county, western Kenya. Methods Predator densities were studied in a laboratory setup while habitat productivity and larval survivorship was studied in field setup. Results Fish were observed as the most efficient predator (75.8% larval reduction rate) followed by water boatman (69%), and dragonfly nymph (69.5%) in predation rates. Lower predation rates were observed in backswimmers (31%), water beetles (14.9%), water spiders (12.2%), mayflies (7.3%), and tadpoles (6.9%). Increase in predator density in the field setup resulted in decreased Culex larval density. Larval and pupa age–specific distribution was determined and their survivorship curves constructed. Combined larvae (Stage I–IV) to pupa mortality was over 97% for An. arabiensis and 100% for An. funestus. The highest larval stage survival rate was from larval stages I to II and the lowest from larval stage IV to pupa. Stage-specific life tables indicated high mortality rates at every developmental stage, especially at the larval stage II and III. Conclusion Determination of the efficiency of various larval predators and habitat productivity will help with the correct identification of productive habitats and selection of complementary vector control methods through environmental management and/or predator introduction (for instance fish) in the habitats.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-023-04741-wLarval controlPredation habitatAnopheles |
| spellingShingle | Pauline Winnie Orondo Guofa Zhou Kevin O. Ochwedo Xiaoming Wang Benyl M. Ondeto Ming-Chieh Lee Steven G. Nyanjom Harrysone Atieli Andrew K. Githeko James W. Kazura Guiyun Yan Effect of predators on Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus larval survivorship in Homa Bay County Western Kenya Malaria Journal Larval control Predation habitat Anopheles |
| title | Effect of predators on Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus larval survivorship in Homa Bay County Western Kenya |
| title_full | Effect of predators on Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus larval survivorship in Homa Bay County Western Kenya |
| title_fullStr | Effect of predators on Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus larval survivorship in Homa Bay County Western Kenya |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of predators on Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus larval survivorship in Homa Bay County Western Kenya |
| title_short | Effect of predators on Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus larval survivorship in Homa Bay County Western Kenya |
| title_sort | effect of predators on anopheles arabiensis and anopheles funestus larval survivorship in homa bay county western kenya |
| topic | Larval control Predation habitat Anopheles |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-023-04741-w |
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