Performance of BDS-2/3, GPS, and Galileo Time Transfer with Real-Time Single-Frequency Precise Point Positioning
Single-frequency (SF) receivers are much cheaper than that of dual-frequency (DF). Even though DF precise point positioning (PPP) is nowadays applied in the time community, the cost of equipment is one of the key considerations for time users. Furthermore, the hardware delay calibration of single-fr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/21/4192 |
| _version_ | 1797511963921612800 |
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| author | Xia Xiao Fei Shen Xiaochun Lu Pengli Shen Yulong Ge |
| author_facet | Xia Xiao Fei Shen Xiaochun Lu Pengli Shen Yulong Ge |
| author_sort | Xia Xiao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Single-frequency (SF) receivers are much cheaper than that of dual-frequency (DF). Even though DF precise point positioning (PPP) is nowadays applied in the time community, the cost of equipment is one of the key considerations for time users. Furthermore, the hardware delay calibration of single-frequency devices is simpler than that of dual-frequency devices. In addition, there is no literature to study real-time SF PPP time transfer. In this contribution, the possibility of time transfer using SF PPP was studied. The Un-combined SF PPP was employed for time transfer with ionospheric-constraint using real-time precise products. In this case, 18 multi-GNSS experiment (MGEX) stations and one time lab station were used to study real-time SF PPP time transfer using GPS, Galileo and BDS-2/3 satellites with 20-day. The results suggested that real-time single-frequency PPP can meet time transfer. the standard deviation (STD) of the clock difference obtained from GPS-only, Galileo-only and BDS-2/3 single-frequency PPP are about (0.51, 0.54, 0.91) ns, respectively. The frequency stability of real-time single-frequency PPP can achieve (1E-12, 1E-13, 1E-13) level at short-term and (1E-13, 1E-13, 1E-14) level at long-term, respectively, for BDS-2/3, Galileo-only and GPS-only based. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:54:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e9bf0c0c1682402ca0846b6b6e2b1151 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:54:22Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-e9bf0c0c1682402ca0846b6b6e2b11512023-11-22T21:29:48ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922021-10-011321419210.3390/rs13214192Performance of BDS-2/3, GPS, and Galileo Time Transfer with Real-Time Single-Frequency Precise Point PositioningXia Xiao0Fei Shen1Xiaochun Lu2Pengli Shen3Yulong Ge4National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710600, ChinaSchool of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, ChinaNational Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710600, ChinaNational Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710600, ChinaSchool of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, ChinaSingle-frequency (SF) receivers are much cheaper than that of dual-frequency (DF). Even though DF precise point positioning (PPP) is nowadays applied in the time community, the cost of equipment is one of the key considerations for time users. Furthermore, the hardware delay calibration of single-frequency devices is simpler than that of dual-frequency devices. In addition, there is no literature to study real-time SF PPP time transfer. In this contribution, the possibility of time transfer using SF PPP was studied. The Un-combined SF PPP was employed for time transfer with ionospheric-constraint using real-time precise products. In this case, 18 multi-GNSS experiment (MGEX) stations and one time lab station were used to study real-time SF PPP time transfer using GPS, Galileo and BDS-2/3 satellites with 20-day. The results suggested that real-time single-frequency PPP can meet time transfer. the standard deviation (STD) of the clock difference obtained from GPS-only, Galileo-only and BDS-2/3 single-frequency PPP are about (0.51, 0.54, 0.91) ns, respectively. The frequency stability of real-time single-frequency PPP can achieve (1E-12, 1E-13, 1E-13) level at short-term and (1E-13, 1E-13, 1E-14) level at long-term, respectively, for BDS-2/3, Galileo-only and GPS-only based.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/21/4192real-timeBDS-2/3GPSGalileosingle-frequencytime transfer |
| spellingShingle | Xia Xiao Fei Shen Xiaochun Lu Pengli Shen Yulong Ge Performance of BDS-2/3, GPS, and Galileo Time Transfer with Real-Time Single-Frequency Precise Point Positioning Remote Sensing real-time BDS-2/3 GPS Galileo single-frequency time transfer |
| title | Performance of BDS-2/3, GPS, and Galileo Time Transfer with Real-Time Single-Frequency Precise Point Positioning |
| title_full | Performance of BDS-2/3, GPS, and Galileo Time Transfer with Real-Time Single-Frequency Precise Point Positioning |
| title_fullStr | Performance of BDS-2/3, GPS, and Galileo Time Transfer with Real-Time Single-Frequency Precise Point Positioning |
| title_full_unstemmed | Performance of BDS-2/3, GPS, and Galileo Time Transfer with Real-Time Single-Frequency Precise Point Positioning |
| title_short | Performance of BDS-2/3, GPS, and Galileo Time Transfer with Real-Time Single-Frequency Precise Point Positioning |
| title_sort | performance of bds 2 3 gps and galileo time transfer with real time single frequency precise point positioning |
| topic | real-time BDS-2/3 GPS Galileo single-frequency time transfer |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/21/4192 |
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