Phytochemical composition and bio-functional properties of Apis mellifera propolis from Kenya
There is an increased demand for natural products like propolis, yet little information is available about the chemical composition of African propolis and its bio-functional properties. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to quantify the phytochemicals and determine the antioxidant and antimicrobial...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
The Royal Society
2022-07-01
|
| Series: | Royal Society Open Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.211214 |
| _version_ | 1797840312573362176 |
|---|---|
| author | Timothy M. Kegode Joel L. Bargul Hosea O. Mokaya H. Michael G. Lattorff |
| author_facet | Timothy M. Kegode Joel L. Bargul Hosea O. Mokaya H. Michael G. Lattorff |
| author_sort | Timothy M. Kegode |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | There is an increased demand for natural products like propolis, yet little information is available about the chemical composition of African propolis and its bio-functional properties. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to quantify the phytochemicals and determine the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Apis mellifera propolis (n = 59) sourced from various regions in Kenya. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the sampling region had a remarkable impact on the propolis's composition and bio-functional properties. Generally, the propolis contained high amounts of phytochemicals, particularly alkaloids (5.76 g CE/100 g) and phenols (2.24 g GAE/100 g). Furthermore, analysis of propolis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed various compounds with varying bio-functional activities. These compounds included triterpenoids alpha- and beta-amyrin, oleanen-3-yl-acetate, urs-12-en-24-oic acid, lanosta-8,24-dien-3-one, and hydrocarbons tricosane and nondecane, which have been reported to have either antimicrobial or antioxidant activities. The propolis samples collected from hotter climatic conditions contained a higher composition of phytochemicals, and additionally, they displayed higher antioxidant and antimicrobial activities than those obtained from cooler climatic conditions. Key findings of this study demonstrate the occurrence of relatively high phytochemical content in Kenya's propolis, which has antioxidant and antimicrobial properties; hence this potential could be harnessed for disease control. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T16:11:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e9bfa59f940c4a3ab226324f077e5015 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2054-5703 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T16:11:45Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | The Royal Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Royal Society Open Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-e9bfa59f940c4a3ab226324f077e50152023-04-24T09:20:17ZengThe Royal SocietyRoyal Society Open Science2054-57032022-07-019710.1098/rsos.211214Phytochemical composition and bio-functional properties of Apis mellifera propolis from KenyaTimothy M. Kegode0Joel L. Bargul1Hosea O. Mokaya2H. Michael G. Lattorff3International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, KenyaInternational Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, KenyaInternational Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, KenyaInternational Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, KenyaThere is an increased demand for natural products like propolis, yet little information is available about the chemical composition of African propolis and its bio-functional properties. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to quantify the phytochemicals and determine the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Apis mellifera propolis (n = 59) sourced from various regions in Kenya. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the sampling region had a remarkable impact on the propolis's composition and bio-functional properties. Generally, the propolis contained high amounts of phytochemicals, particularly alkaloids (5.76 g CE/100 g) and phenols (2.24 g GAE/100 g). Furthermore, analysis of propolis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed various compounds with varying bio-functional activities. These compounds included triterpenoids alpha- and beta-amyrin, oleanen-3-yl-acetate, urs-12-en-24-oic acid, lanosta-8,24-dien-3-one, and hydrocarbons tricosane and nondecane, which have been reported to have either antimicrobial or antioxidant activities. The propolis samples collected from hotter climatic conditions contained a higher composition of phytochemicals, and additionally, they displayed higher antioxidant and antimicrobial activities than those obtained from cooler climatic conditions. Key findings of this study demonstrate the occurrence of relatively high phytochemical content in Kenya's propolis, which has antioxidant and antimicrobial properties; hence this potential could be harnessed for disease control.https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.211214DPPHalkaloidsterpenoidsflavonoidsphenols |
| spellingShingle | Timothy M. Kegode Joel L. Bargul Hosea O. Mokaya H. Michael G. Lattorff Phytochemical composition and bio-functional properties of Apis mellifera propolis from Kenya Royal Society Open Science DPPH alkaloids terpenoids flavonoids phenols |
| title | Phytochemical composition and bio-functional properties of Apis mellifera propolis from Kenya |
| title_full | Phytochemical composition and bio-functional properties of Apis mellifera propolis from Kenya |
| title_fullStr | Phytochemical composition and bio-functional properties of Apis mellifera propolis from Kenya |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phytochemical composition and bio-functional properties of Apis mellifera propolis from Kenya |
| title_short | Phytochemical composition and bio-functional properties of Apis mellifera propolis from Kenya |
| title_sort | phytochemical composition and bio functional properties of apis mellifera propolis from kenya |
| topic | DPPH alkaloids terpenoids flavonoids phenols |
| url | https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.211214 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT timothymkegode phytochemicalcompositionandbiofunctionalpropertiesofapismelliferapropolisfromkenya AT joellbargul phytochemicalcompositionandbiofunctionalpropertiesofapismelliferapropolisfromkenya AT hoseaomokaya phytochemicalcompositionandbiofunctionalpropertiesofapismelliferapropolisfromkenya AT hmichaelglattorff phytochemicalcompositionandbiofunctionalpropertiesofapismelliferapropolisfromkenya |