Emerging Fungal Infections: New Patients, New Patterns, and New Pathogens
The landscape of clinical mycology is constantly changing. New therapies for malignant and autoimmune diseases have led to new risk factors for unusual mycoses. Invasive candidiasis is increasingly caused by non-albicans <i>Candida</i> spp., including <i>C. auris</i>, a multi...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2019-07-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/5/3/67 |
| _version_ | 1818161962229432320 |
|---|---|
| author | Daniel Z.P. Friedman Ilan S. Schwartz |
| author_facet | Daniel Z.P. Friedman Ilan S. Schwartz |
| author_sort | Daniel Z.P. Friedman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The landscape of clinical mycology is constantly changing. New therapies for malignant and autoimmune diseases have led to new risk factors for unusual mycoses. Invasive candidiasis is increasingly caused by non-albicans <i>Candida</i> spp., including <i>C. auris</i>, a multidrug-resistant yeast with the potential for nosocomial transmission that has rapidly spread globally. The use of mould-active antifungal prophylaxis in patients with cancer or transplantation has decreased the incidence of invasive fungal disease, but shifted the balance of mould disease in these patients to those from non-fumigatus <i>Aspergillus</i> species, Mucorales, and <i>Scedosporium/Lomentospora</i> spp. The agricultural application of triazole pesticides has driven an emergence of azole-resistant <i>A. fumigatus</i> in environmental and clinical isolates. The widespread use of topical antifungals with corticosteroids in India has resulted in <i>Trichophyton mentagrophytes</i> causing recalcitrant dermatophytosis. New dimorphic fungal pathogens have emerged, including <i>Emergomyces</i>, which cause disseminated mycoses globally, primarily in HIV infected patients, and <i>Blastomyces</i> <i>helicus</i> and <i>B. percursus</i>, causes of atypical blastomycosis in western parts of North America and in Africa, respectively. In North America, regions of geographic risk for coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, and blastomycosis have expanded, possibly related to climate change. In Brazil, zoonotic sporotrichosis caused by <i>Sporothrix brasiliensis</i> has emerged as an important disease of felines and people. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T16:26:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e9cbf5bf742d4de29f2ed8e4afd5519e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T16:26:06Z |
| publishDate | 2019-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-e9cbf5bf742d4de29f2ed8e4afd5519e2022-12-22T00:58:44ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2019-07-01536710.3390/jof5030067jof5030067Emerging Fungal Infections: New Patients, New Patterns, and New PathogensDaniel Z.P. Friedman0Ilan S. Schwartz1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, CanadaDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, CanadaThe landscape of clinical mycology is constantly changing. New therapies for malignant and autoimmune diseases have led to new risk factors for unusual mycoses. Invasive candidiasis is increasingly caused by non-albicans <i>Candida</i> spp., including <i>C. auris</i>, a multidrug-resistant yeast with the potential for nosocomial transmission that has rapidly spread globally. The use of mould-active antifungal prophylaxis in patients with cancer or transplantation has decreased the incidence of invasive fungal disease, but shifted the balance of mould disease in these patients to those from non-fumigatus <i>Aspergillus</i> species, Mucorales, and <i>Scedosporium/Lomentospora</i> spp. The agricultural application of triazole pesticides has driven an emergence of azole-resistant <i>A. fumigatus</i> in environmental and clinical isolates. The widespread use of topical antifungals with corticosteroids in India has resulted in <i>Trichophyton mentagrophytes</i> causing recalcitrant dermatophytosis. New dimorphic fungal pathogens have emerged, including <i>Emergomyces</i>, which cause disseminated mycoses globally, primarily in HIV infected patients, and <i>Blastomyces</i> <i>helicus</i> and <i>B. percursus</i>, causes of atypical blastomycosis in western parts of North America and in Africa, respectively. In North America, regions of geographic risk for coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, and blastomycosis have expanded, possibly related to climate change. In Brazil, zoonotic sporotrichosis caused by <i>Sporothrix brasiliensis</i> has emerged as an important disease of felines and people.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/5/3/67aspergillosiscandidiasis<i>Candida auris</i>antifungal resistanceendemic mycosesepidemiology<i>Emergomyces</i><i>Blastomyces</i><i>Sporothrix brasiliensis</i>invasive fungal disease |
| spellingShingle | Daniel Z.P. Friedman Ilan S. Schwartz Emerging Fungal Infections: New Patients, New Patterns, and New Pathogens Journal of Fungi aspergillosis candidiasis <i>Candida auris</i> antifungal resistance endemic mycoses epidemiology <i>Emergomyces</i> <i>Blastomyces</i> <i>Sporothrix brasiliensis</i> invasive fungal disease |
| title | Emerging Fungal Infections: New Patients, New Patterns, and New Pathogens |
| title_full | Emerging Fungal Infections: New Patients, New Patterns, and New Pathogens |
| title_fullStr | Emerging Fungal Infections: New Patients, New Patterns, and New Pathogens |
| title_full_unstemmed | Emerging Fungal Infections: New Patients, New Patterns, and New Pathogens |
| title_short | Emerging Fungal Infections: New Patients, New Patterns, and New Pathogens |
| title_sort | emerging fungal infections new patients new patterns and new pathogens |
| topic | aspergillosis candidiasis <i>Candida auris</i> antifungal resistance endemic mycoses epidemiology <i>Emergomyces</i> <i>Blastomyces</i> <i>Sporothrix brasiliensis</i> invasive fungal disease |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/5/3/67 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT danielzpfriedman emergingfungalinfectionsnewpatientsnewpatternsandnewpathogens AT ilansschwartz emergingfungalinfectionsnewpatientsnewpatternsandnewpathogens |