The global prevalence of screen-based disordered eating and associated risk factors among high school students: systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression
Abstract Objective Estimate the prevalence, and associated risk factors, of high school students who are considered at risk for an eating disorder based on screening measures. Methods An electronic search of nine databases was completed from their inception until 1st September 2022. A random-effects...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Journal of Eating Disorders |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-023-00849-1 |
| _version_ | 1797578707915767808 |
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| author | Hadeel A. Ghazzawi Lana S. Nimer Dima H. Sweidan Omar A. Alhaj Duha Abulawi Adam T. Amawi Michael P. Levine Haitham Jahrami |
| author_facet | Hadeel A. Ghazzawi Lana S. Nimer Dima H. Sweidan Omar A. Alhaj Duha Abulawi Adam T. Amawi Michael P. Levine Haitham Jahrami |
| author_sort | Hadeel A. Ghazzawi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Objective Estimate the prevalence, and associated risk factors, of high school students who are considered at risk for an eating disorder based on screening measures. Methods An electronic search of nine databases was completed from their inception until 1st September 2022. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted, and confounder (moderator) analyses and meta-regressions examined whether the overall prevalence estimate for of screen-based disordered eating (SBDE) was moderated by student age, BMI, or gender, as well as culture and type of SBDE assessment. Results The mean estimate of the prevalence of SBDE among high school students (K = 42 (66 datapoints), N = 56282] in the sample of 25 countries was 13% ([95% CI] = 10.0–16.8%, I 2 = 99.0%, Cochran's Q p = 0.001). This effect was not moderated by features of the samples such as gender, BMI, or age. Among cultures, non-Western countries had a higher prevalence of SBDE prevalence than Western countries, but the difference was not significant. There was considerable variability in the prevalence estimates as a function of the assessment measure, but no meaningful pattern emerged. Conclusion The estimated figure of 1 in 8 high school students with SBDE—unmoderated by gender and BMI—stands out as a problem in need of attention from public health officials, psychologists, psychiatrists, pediatricians, parents, and educators. There is a great need for innovative, integrated policy and program development all along the spectrum of health promotion and universal, selective, and indicated prevention. Further research is also needed to validate and refine this estimate by (a) conducting basic research on the accuracy of eating disorder screening measurements in samples ages 14 through 17; (b) examining representative samples in more countries in general and Latin American countries in particular; (c) clarifying the relationships between SBDE and age throughout the different phases of late childhood, adolescence, and emerging adulthood; and (d) investigating whether there are meaningful forms of disordered eating and whether these are associated with variables such as gender, ethnicity, and BMI. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:25:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e9cd515476294fc689a9f6b146e7be06 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2050-2974 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:25:37Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Eating Disorders |
| spelling | doaj.art-e9cd515476294fc689a9f6b146e7be062023-11-19T12:07:46ZengBMCJournal of Eating Disorders2050-29742023-08-0111112310.1186/s40337-023-00849-1The global prevalence of screen-based disordered eating and associated risk factors among high school students: systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regressionHadeel A. Ghazzawi0Lana S. Nimer1Dima H. Sweidan2Omar A. Alhaj3Duha Abulawi4Adam T. Amawi5Michael P. Levine6Haitham Jahrami7Department Nutrition and Food Technology, School of Agriculture, The University of JordanDepartment Nutrition and Food Technology, School of Agriculture, The University of JordanDepartment of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of PetraDepartment of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of PetraDepartment Nutrition and Food Technology, School of Agriculture, The University of JordanDepartment of Physical and Health Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman UniversityDepartment of Psychology, Kenyon CollegeGoverment HospitalsAbstract Objective Estimate the prevalence, and associated risk factors, of high school students who are considered at risk for an eating disorder based on screening measures. Methods An electronic search of nine databases was completed from their inception until 1st September 2022. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted, and confounder (moderator) analyses and meta-regressions examined whether the overall prevalence estimate for of screen-based disordered eating (SBDE) was moderated by student age, BMI, or gender, as well as culture and type of SBDE assessment. Results The mean estimate of the prevalence of SBDE among high school students (K = 42 (66 datapoints), N = 56282] in the sample of 25 countries was 13% ([95% CI] = 10.0–16.8%, I 2 = 99.0%, Cochran's Q p = 0.001). This effect was not moderated by features of the samples such as gender, BMI, or age. Among cultures, non-Western countries had a higher prevalence of SBDE prevalence than Western countries, but the difference was not significant. There was considerable variability in the prevalence estimates as a function of the assessment measure, but no meaningful pattern emerged. Conclusion The estimated figure of 1 in 8 high school students with SBDE—unmoderated by gender and BMI—stands out as a problem in need of attention from public health officials, psychologists, psychiatrists, pediatricians, parents, and educators. There is a great need for innovative, integrated policy and program development all along the spectrum of health promotion and universal, selective, and indicated prevention. Further research is also needed to validate and refine this estimate by (a) conducting basic research on the accuracy of eating disorder screening measurements in samples ages 14 through 17; (b) examining representative samples in more countries in general and Latin American countries in particular; (c) clarifying the relationships between SBDE and age throughout the different phases of late childhood, adolescence, and emerging adulthood; and (d) investigating whether there are meaningful forms of disordered eating and whether these are associated with variables such as gender, ethnicity, and BMI.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-023-00849-1High school ageStudentsEating disordersDisordered eatingScreening instruments |
| spellingShingle | Hadeel A. Ghazzawi Lana S. Nimer Dima H. Sweidan Omar A. Alhaj Duha Abulawi Adam T. Amawi Michael P. Levine Haitham Jahrami The global prevalence of screen-based disordered eating and associated risk factors among high school students: systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression Journal of Eating Disorders High school age Students Eating disorders Disordered eating Screening instruments |
| title | The global prevalence of screen-based disordered eating and associated risk factors among high school students: systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression |
| title_full | The global prevalence of screen-based disordered eating and associated risk factors among high school students: systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression |
| title_fullStr | The global prevalence of screen-based disordered eating and associated risk factors among high school students: systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression |
| title_full_unstemmed | The global prevalence of screen-based disordered eating and associated risk factors among high school students: systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression |
| title_short | The global prevalence of screen-based disordered eating and associated risk factors among high school students: systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression |
| title_sort | global prevalence of screen based disordered eating and associated risk factors among high school students systematic review meta analysis and meta regression |
| topic | High school age Students Eating disorders Disordered eating Screening instruments |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-023-00849-1 |
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