Molecular forms of BMP15 and GDF9 in mammalian species that differ in litter size
Abstract Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP15) and growth differentiation factor (GDF9) are critical for ovarian follicular development and fertility and are associated with litter size in mammals. These proteins initially exist as pre-pro-mature proteins, that are subsequently cleaved into biologicall...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2023-12-01
|
| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-49852-1 |
| _version_ | 1797388375061168128 |
|---|---|
| author | Gene W. Swinerd Abdulaziz A. Alhussini Sarah Sczelecki Derek Heath Thomas D. Mueller Kenneth P. McNatty Janet L. Pitman |
| author_facet | Gene W. Swinerd Abdulaziz A. Alhussini Sarah Sczelecki Derek Heath Thomas D. Mueller Kenneth P. McNatty Janet L. Pitman |
| author_sort | Gene W. Swinerd |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP15) and growth differentiation factor (GDF9) are critical for ovarian follicular development and fertility and are associated with litter size in mammals. These proteins initially exist as pre-pro-mature proteins, that are subsequently cleaved into biologically active forms. Thus, the molecular forms of GDF9 and BMP15 may provide the key to understanding the differences in litter size determination in mammals. Herein, we compared GDF9 and BMP15 forms in mammals with high (pigs) and low to moderate (sheep) and low (red deer) ovulation-rate. In all species, oocyte lysates and secretions contained both promature and mature forms of BMP15 and GDF9. Whilst promature and mature GDF9 levels were similar between species, deer produced more BMP15 and exhibited, together with sheep, a higher promature:mature BMP15 ratio. N-linked glycosylation was prominant in proregion and mature GDF9 and in proregion BMP15 of pigs, and present in proregion GDF9 of sheep. There was no evidence of secreted native homo- or hetero-dimers although a GDF9 dimer in red deer oocyte lysate was detected. In summary, GDF9 appeared to be equally important in all species regardless of litter size, whilst BMP15 levels were highest in strict monovulatory species. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T22:39:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e9d6b573be35417383883e625c34964f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T22:39:54Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-e9d6b573be35417383883e625c34964f2023-12-17T12:16:03ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222023-12-0113111810.1038/s41598-023-49852-1Molecular forms of BMP15 and GDF9 in mammalian species that differ in litter sizeGene W. Swinerd0Abdulaziz A. Alhussini1Sarah Sczelecki2Derek Heath3Thomas D. Mueller4Kenneth P. McNatty5Janet L. Pitman6School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of WellingtonSchool of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of WellingtonSchool of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of WellingtonSchool of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of WellingtonDepartment of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute of the University WürzburgSchool of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of WellingtonSchool of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of WellingtonAbstract Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP15) and growth differentiation factor (GDF9) are critical for ovarian follicular development and fertility and are associated with litter size in mammals. These proteins initially exist as pre-pro-mature proteins, that are subsequently cleaved into biologically active forms. Thus, the molecular forms of GDF9 and BMP15 may provide the key to understanding the differences in litter size determination in mammals. Herein, we compared GDF9 and BMP15 forms in mammals with high (pigs) and low to moderate (sheep) and low (red deer) ovulation-rate. In all species, oocyte lysates and secretions contained both promature and mature forms of BMP15 and GDF9. Whilst promature and mature GDF9 levels were similar between species, deer produced more BMP15 and exhibited, together with sheep, a higher promature:mature BMP15 ratio. N-linked glycosylation was prominant in proregion and mature GDF9 and in proregion BMP15 of pigs, and present in proregion GDF9 of sheep. There was no evidence of secreted native homo- or hetero-dimers although a GDF9 dimer in red deer oocyte lysate was detected. In summary, GDF9 appeared to be equally important in all species regardless of litter size, whilst BMP15 levels were highest in strict monovulatory species.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-49852-1 |
| spellingShingle | Gene W. Swinerd Abdulaziz A. Alhussini Sarah Sczelecki Derek Heath Thomas D. Mueller Kenneth P. McNatty Janet L. Pitman Molecular forms of BMP15 and GDF9 in mammalian species that differ in litter size Scientific Reports |
| title | Molecular forms of BMP15 and GDF9 in mammalian species that differ in litter size |
| title_full | Molecular forms of BMP15 and GDF9 in mammalian species that differ in litter size |
| title_fullStr | Molecular forms of BMP15 and GDF9 in mammalian species that differ in litter size |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular forms of BMP15 and GDF9 in mammalian species that differ in litter size |
| title_short | Molecular forms of BMP15 and GDF9 in mammalian species that differ in litter size |
| title_sort | molecular forms of bmp15 and gdf9 in mammalian species that differ in litter size |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-49852-1 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT genewswinerd molecularformsofbmp15andgdf9inmammalianspeciesthatdifferinlittersize AT abdulazizaalhussini molecularformsofbmp15andgdf9inmammalianspeciesthatdifferinlittersize AT sarahsczelecki molecularformsofbmp15andgdf9inmammalianspeciesthatdifferinlittersize AT derekheath molecularformsofbmp15andgdf9inmammalianspeciesthatdifferinlittersize AT thomasdmueller molecularformsofbmp15andgdf9inmammalianspeciesthatdifferinlittersize AT kennethpmcnatty molecularformsofbmp15andgdf9inmammalianspeciesthatdifferinlittersize AT janetlpitman molecularformsofbmp15andgdf9inmammalianspeciesthatdifferinlittersize |