Antioxidant Response and Oxidative Stress in the Respiratory Tree of Sea Cucumber (<i>Apostichopus japonicus</i>) Following Exposure to Crude Oil and Chemical Dispersant
Sea cucumber (<i>Apostichopus japonicus</i>) is mainly cultured in the coastal zone, where it is easily threatened by accidental oil spills. Chemical dispersant is one of the efficient oil spill responses for mitigating the overall environmental damage of oil spills. However, the impact...
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/8/8/547 |
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| author | Xishan Li Guoxiang Liao Zhonglei Ju Chengyan Wang Nan Li Deqi Xiong Yulu Zhang |
| author_facet | Xishan Li Guoxiang Liao Zhonglei Ju Chengyan Wang Nan Li Deqi Xiong Yulu Zhang |
| author_sort | Xishan Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sea cucumber (<i>Apostichopus japonicus</i>) is mainly cultured in the coastal zone, where it is easily threatened by accidental oil spills. Chemical dispersant is one of the efficient oil spill responses for mitigating the overall environmental damage of oil spills. However, the impact of crude oil and chemical dispersants on sea cucumber is less well known. Hence, the present study focused on exploring the antioxidant response and oxidative stress in the respiratory tree of sea cucumber following exposure to GM-2 chemical dispersant (DISP), water-accommodated fractions (WAF), and chemically enhanced WAF (CEWAF) of Oman crude oil for 24 h. Results manifested that WAF exposure caused a significant increase in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level (5.29 ± 0.30 AU·mgprot<sup>−1</sup>), and the effect was much more obvious in CEWAF treatment (5.73 ± 0.16 AU·mgprot<sup>−1</sup>). Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), as an important biomarker of the antioxidant defense capacity, showed an increasing trend following WAF exposure (0.95 ± 0.12 U·mgprot<sup>−1</sup>) while a significant reduction in T-AOC was observed following CEWAF exposure (0.23 ± 0.13 U·mgprot<sup>−1</sup>). Moreover, we also evaluated the oxidative damage of the macromolecules (DNA, protein, and lipid), and our results revealed that the presence of chemical dispersant enhanced oxidative damage caused by crude oil to sea cucumber. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:18:23Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-1312 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:18:23Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
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| series | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-e9dc1bb5df52409da181adf93a102d9a2023-11-20T07:35:29ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122020-07-018854710.3390/jmse8080547Antioxidant Response and Oxidative Stress in the Respiratory Tree of Sea Cucumber (<i>Apostichopus japonicus</i>) Following Exposure to Crude Oil and Chemical DispersantXishan Li0Guoxiang Liao1Zhonglei Ju2Chengyan Wang3Nan Li4Deqi Xiong5Yulu Zhang6National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, ChinaNational Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, ChinaCollege of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, ChinaCollege of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, ChinaCollege of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, ChinaCollege of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, ChinaCollege of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, ChinaSea cucumber (<i>Apostichopus japonicus</i>) is mainly cultured in the coastal zone, where it is easily threatened by accidental oil spills. Chemical dispersant is one of the efficient oil spill responses for mitigating the overall environmental damage of oil spills. However, the impact of crude oil and chemical dispersants on sea cucumber is less well known. Hence, the present study focused on exploring the antioxidant response and oxidative stress in the respiratory tree of sea cucumber following exposure to GM-2 chemical dispersant (DISP), water-accommodated fractions (WAF), and chemically enhanced WAF (CEWAF) of Oman crude oil for 24 h. Results manifested that WAF exposure caused a significant increase in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level (5.29 ± 0.30 AU·mgprot<sup>−1</sup>), and the effect was much more obvious in CEWAF treatment (5.73 ± 0.16 AU·mgprot<sup>−1</sup>). Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), as an important biomarker of the antioxidant defense capacity, showed an increasing trend following WAF exposure (0.95 ± 0.12 U·mgprot<sup>−1</sup>) while a significant reduction in T-AOC was observed following CEWAF exposure (0.23 ± 0.13 U·mgprot<sup>−1</sup>). Moreover, we also evaluated the oxidative damage of the macromolecules (DNA, protein, and lipid), and our results revealed that the presence of chemical dispersant enhanced oxidative damage caused by crude oil to sea cucumber.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/8/8/547crude oilchemical dispersantsea cucumberacute toxicityoxidative stress |
| spellingShingle | Xishan Li Guoxiang Liao Zhonglei Ju Chengyan Wang Nan Li Deqi Xiong Yulu Zhang Antioxidant Response and Oxidative Stress in the Respiratory Tree of Sea Cucumber (<i>Apostichopus japonicus</i>) Following Exposure to Crude Oil and Chemical Dispersant Journal of Marine Science and Engineering crude oil chemical dispersant sea cucumber acute toxicity oxidative stress |
| title | Antioxidant Response and Oxidative Stress in the Respiratory Tree of Sea Cucumber (<i>Apostichopus japonicus</i>) Following Exposure to Crude Oil and Chemical Dispersant |
| title_full | Antioxidant Response and Oxidative Stress in the Respiratory Tree of Sea Cucumber (<i>Apostichopus japonicus</i>) Following Exposure to Crude Oil and Chemical Dispersant |
| title_fullStr | Antioxidant Response and Oxidative Stress in the Respiratory Tree of Sea Cucumber (<i>Apostichopus japonicus</i>) Following Exposure to Crude Oil and Chemical Dispersant |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antioxidant Response and Oxidative Stress in the Respiratory Tree of Sea Cucumber (<i>Apostichopus japonicus</i>) Following Exposure to Crude Oil and Chemical Dispersant |
| title_short | Antioxidant Response and Oxidative Stress in the Respiratory Tree of Sea Cucumber (<i>Apostichopus japonicus</i>) Following Exposure to Crude Oil and Chemical Dispersant |
| title_sort | antioxidant response and oxidative stress in the respiratory tree of sea cucumber i apostichopus japonicus i following exposure to crude oil and chemical dispersant |
| topic | crude oil chemical dispersant sea cucumber acute toxicity oxidative stress |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/8/8/547 |
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