Design and Implementation of a Multi-Hop Real-Time LoRa Protocol for Dynamic LoRa Networks
Recently, LoRa (Long Range) technology has been drawing attention in various applications due to its long communication range and high link reliability. However, in industrial environments, these advantages are often compromised by factors such as node mobility, signal attenuation due to various obs...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/9/3518 |
| _version_ | 1797502816125714432 |
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| author | Huu Phi Tran Woo-Sung Jung Dae-Seung Yoo Hoon Oh |
| author_facet | Huu Phi Tran Woo-Sung Jung Dae-Seung Yoo Hoon Oh |
| author_sort | Huu Phi Tran |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Recently, LoRa (Long Range) technology has been drawing attention in various applications due to its long communication range and high link reliability. However, in industrial environments, these advantages are often compromised by factors such as node mobility, signal attenuation due to various obstacles, and link instability due to external signal interference. In this paper, we propose a new multi-hop LoRa protocol that can provide high reliability for data transmission by overcoming those factors in dynamic LoRa networks. This study extends the previously proposed two-hop real-time LoRa (Two-Hop RT-LoRa) protocol to address technical aspects of dynamic multi-hop networks, such as automatic configuration of multi-hop LoRa networks, dynamic topology management, and updating of real-time slot schedules. It is shown by simulation that the proposed protocol achieves high reliability of over 97% for mobile nodes and generates low control overhead in topology management and schedule updates. The protocol was also evaluated in various campus deployment scenarios. According to experiments, it could achieve high packet delivery rates of over 97% and 95%, respectively, for 1-hop nodes and 2-hop nodes against node mobility. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:41:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e9dd1573d5624fcc9d08df294b11f33e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:41:32Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-e9dd1573d5624fcc9d08df294b11f33e2023-11-23T09:19:38ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-05-01229351810.3390/s22093518Design and Implementation of a Multi-Hop Real-Time LoRa Protocol for Dynamic LoRa NetworksHuu Phi Tran0Woo-Sung Jung1Dae-Seung Yoo2Hoon Oh3Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, KoreaElectronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon 305-350, KoreaElectronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon 305-350, KoreaDepartment of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, KoreaRecently, LoRa (Long Range) technology has been drawing attention in various applications due to its long communication range and high link reliability. However, in industrial environments, these advantages are often compromised by factors such as node mobility, signal attenuation due to various obstacles, and link instability due to external signal interference. In this paper, we propose a new multi-hop LoRa protocol that can provide high reliability for data transmission by overcoming those factors in dynamic LoRa networks. This study extends the previously proposed two-hop real-time LoRa (Two-Hop RT-LoRa) protocol to address technical aspects of dynamic multi-hop networks, such as automatic configuration of multi-hop LoRa networks, dynamic topology management, and updating of real-time slot schedules. It is shown by simulation that the proposed protocol achieves high reliability of over 97% for mobile nodes and generates low control overhead in topology management and schedule updates. The protocol was also evaluated in various campus deployment scenarios. According to experiments, it could achieve high packet delivery rates of over 97% and 95%, respectively, for 1-hop nodes and 2-hop nodes against node mobility.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/9/3518multi-hop LoRa protocoldynamic networkmobilityreal-time schedulingreliable transmission |
| spellingShingle | Huu Phi Tran Woo-Sung Jung Dae-Seung Yoo Hoon Oh Design and Implementation of a Multi-Hop Real-Time LoRa Protocol for Dynamic LoRa Networks Sensors multi-hop LoRa protocol dynamic network mobility real-time scheduling reliable transmission |
| title | Design and Implementation of a Multi-Hop Real-Time LoRa Protocol for Dynamic LoRa Networks |
| title_full | Design and Implementation of a Multi-Hop Real-Time LoRa Protocol for Dynamic LoRa Networks |
| title_fullStr | Design and Implementation of a Multi-Hop Real-Time LoRa Protocol for Dynamic LoRa Networks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Design and Implementation of a Multi-Hop Real-Time LoRa Protocol for Dynamic LoRa Networks |
| title_short | Design and Implementation of a Multi-Hop Real-Time LoRa Protocol for Dynamic LoRa Networks |
| title_sort | design and implementation of a multi hop real time lora protocol for dynamic lora networks |
| topic | multi-hop LoRa protocol dynamic network mobility real-time scheduling reliable transmission |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/9/3518 |
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