Effect of Breed on the Fatty Acid Composition of Milk from Dairy Cows Milked Once and Twice a Day in Different Stages of Lactation
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of breed on the overall composition and fatty acid composition of milk from cows milked once a day (OAD) and twice a day (TAD) in different stages of lactation. Milk samples were taken from 39 Holstein-Friesian (F), 27 Jersey (J), and 34 Holstei...
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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author | Inthujaa Sanjayaranj Nicolas Lopez-Villalobos Hugh T. Blair Patrick W. M. Janssen Stephen E. Holroyd Alastair K. H. MacGibbon |
author_facet | Inthujaa Sanjayaranj Nicolas Lopez-Villalobos Hugh T. Blair Patrick W. M. Janssen Stephen E. Holroyd Alastair K. H. MacGibbon |
author_sort | Inthujaa Sanjayaranj |
collection | DOAJ |
description | The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of breed on the overall composition and fatty acid composition of milk from cows milked once a day (OAD) and twice a day (TAD) in different stages of lactation. Milk samples were taken from 39 Holstein-Friesian (F), 27 Jersey (J), and 34 Holstein-Friesian × Jersey (F × J) crossbred cows from a OAD milking herd and 104 F and 83 F × J cows from a TAD milking herd in early (49 ± 15 days in milk), mid (129 ± 12 days in milk), and late (229 ± 13 days in milk) lactation. Calibration equations to predict the concentrations of individual fatty acids were developed using mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy. There was a significant interaction between breed within the milking frequency and stage of lactation for the production traits and composition traits. Holstein-Friesian cows milked OAD produced milk with lower concentrations of C18:0 in early and mid lactations compared to F × J and J cows. Holstein-Friesian cows milked TAD produced lower concentrations of C18:0 in early lactation and lower concentrations of C16:0 and C18:0 in late lactation compared to F × J. Lower concentrations of these fatty acids would reduce the hardness of the butter when the milk is processed. In the OAD milking herd, F cows were superior for daily milk yield compared to J cows, but Jersey cows produced significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) higher percentages of fat and a higher concentration of C18:0 fatty acid. The relative concentrations of C18:0 and C18 <i>cis</i>-9 in F and J cows milked OAD imply there is no breed effect on the activity of delta-9-desaturase, whereas stages of lactation likely have an effect. These results can be used to assist with selecting breeds and cows that are suitable for either OAD or TAD milking, allowing closer alignment with milk processing needs. |
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issn | 2624-862X |
language | English |
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publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
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spelling | doaj.art-e9de8b7679ee4ab8b749d9799cf7805b2023-11-23T15:46:33ZengMDPI AGDairy2624-862X2022-08-013360862110.3390/dairy3030043Effect of Breed on the Fatty Acid Composition of Milk from Dairy Cows Milked Once and Twice a Day in Different Stages of LactationInthujaa Sanjayaranj0Nicolas Lopez-Villalobos1Hugh T. Blair2Patrick W. M. Janssen3Stephen E. Holroyd4Alastair K. H. MacGibbon5Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New ZealandAnimal Science, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New ZealandAnimal Science, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New ZealandSchool of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New ZealandFonterra Research and Development Centre, Private Bag 11 029, Palmerston North 4442, New ZealandFonterra Research and Development Centre, Private Bag 11 029, Palmerston North 4442, New ZealandThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of breed on the overall composition and fatty acid composition of milk from cows milked once a day (OAD) and twice a day (TAD) in different stages of lactation. Milk samples were taken from 39 Holstein-Friesian (F), 27 Jersey (J), and 34 Holstein-Friesian × Jersey (F × J) crossbred cows from a OAD milking herd and 104 F and 83 F × J cows from a TAD milking herd in early (49 ± 15 days in milk), mid (129 ± 12 days in milk), and late (229 ± 13 days in milk) lactation. Calibration equations to predict the concentrations of individual fatty acids were developed using mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy. There was a significant interaction between breed within the milking frequency and stage of lactation for the production traits and composition traits. Holstein-Friesian cows milked OAD produced milk with lower concentrations of C18:0 in early and mid lactations compared to F × J and J cows. Holstein-Friesian cows milked TAD produced lower concentrations of C18:0 in early lactation and lower concentrations of C16:0 and C18:0 in late lactation compared to F × J. Lower concentrations of these fatty acids would reduce the hardness of the butter when the milk is processed. In the OAD milking herd, F cows were superior for daily milk yield compared to J cows, but Jersey cows produced significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) higher percentages of fat and a higher concentration of C18:0 fatty acid. The relative concentrations of C18:0 and C18 <i>cis</i>-9 in F and J cows milked OAD imply there is no breed effect on the activity of delta-9-desaturase, whereas stages of lactation likely have an effect. These results can be used to assist with selecting breeds and cows that are suitable for either OAD or TAD milking, allowing closer alignment with milk processing needs.https://www.mdpi.com/2624-862X/3/3/43breeddairy cattlefatty acidmilking frequencyNew Zealandstage of lactation |
spellingShingle | Inthujaa Sanjayaranj Nicolas Lopez-Villalobos Hugh T. Blair Patrick W. M. Janssen Stephen E. Holroyd Alastair K. H. MacGibbon Effect of Breed on the Fatty Acid Composition of Milk from Dairy Cows Milked Once and Twice a Day in Different Stages of Lactation Dairy breed dairy cattle fatty acid milking frequency New Zealand stage of lactation |
title | Effect of Breed on the Fatty Acid Composition of Milk from Dairy Cows Milked Once and Twice a Day in Different Stages of Lactation |
title_full | Effect of Breed on the Fatty Acid Composition of Milk from Dairy Cows Milked Once and Twice a Day in Different Stages of Lactation |
title_fullStr | Effect of Breed on the Fatty Acid Composition of Milk from Dairy Cows Milked Once and Twice a Day in Different Stages of Lactation |
title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Breed on the Fatty Acid Composition of Milk from Dairy Cows Milked Once and Twice a Day in Different Stages of Lactation |
title_short | Effect of Breed on the Fatty Acid Composition of Milk from Dairy Cows Milked Once and Twice a Day in Different Stages of Lactation |
title_sort | effect of breed on the fatty acid composition of milk from dairy cows milked once and twice a day in different stages of lactation |
topic | breed dairy cattle fatty acid milking frequency New Zealand stage of lactation |
url | https://www.mdpi.com/2624-862X/3/3/43 |
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