Recent Advances in Electrochemical Sensors for Detecting Toxic Gases: NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>S
Toxic gases, such as NO<sub>x</sub>, SO<sub>x</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>S and other S-containing gases, cause numerous harmful effects on human health even at very low gas concentrations. Reliable detection of various gases in low concentration is mandatory in the field...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-02-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/4/905 |
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| author | Md Ashfaque Hossain Khan Mulpuri V. Rao Qiliang Li |
| author_facet | Md Ashfaque Hossain Khan Mulpuri V. Rao Qiliang Li |
| author_sort | Md Ashfaque Hossain Khan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Toxic gases, such as NO<sub>x</sub>, SO<sub>x</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>S and other S-containing gases, cause numerous harmful effects on human health even at very low gas concentrations. Reliable detection of various gases in low concentration is mandatory in the fields such as industrial plants, environmental monitoring, air quality assurance, automotive technologies and so on. In this paper, the recent advances in electrochemical sensors for toxic gas detections were reviewed and summarized with a focus on NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>S gas sensors. The recent progress of the detection of each of these toxic gases was categorized by the highly explored sensing materials over the past few decades. The important sensing performance parameters like sensitivity/response, response and recovery times at certain gas concentration and operating temperature for different sensor materials and structures have been summarized and tabulated to provide a thorough performance comparison. A novel metric, sensitivity per ppm/response time ratio has been calculated for each sensor in order to compare the overall sensing performance on the same reference. It is found that hybrid materials-based sensors exhibit the highest average ratio for NO<sub>2</sub> gas sensing, whereas GaN and metal-oxide based sensors possess the highest ratio for SO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>S gas sensing, respectively. Recently, significant research efforts have been made exploring new sensor materials, such as graphene and its derivatives, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), GaN, metal-metal oxide nanostructures, solid electrolytes and organic materials to detect the above-mentioned toxic gases. In addition, the contemporary progress in SO<sub>2</sub> gas sensors based on zeolite and paper and H<sub>2</sub>S gas sensors based on colorimetric and metal-organic framework (MOF) structures have also been reviewed. Finally, this work reviewed the recent first principle studies on the interaction between gas molecules and novel promising materials like arsenene, borophene, blue phosphorene, GeSe monolayer and germanene. The goal is to understand the surface interaction mechanism. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:18:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e9e168b8dbd348e198be5d0bb4f148be |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:18:38Z |
| publishDate | 2019-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-e9e168b8dbd348e198be5d0bb4f148be2022-12-22T04:00:17ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202019-02-0119490510.3390/s19040905s19040905Recent Advances in Electrochemical Sensors for Detecting Toxic Gases: NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>SMd Ashfaque Hossain Khan0Mulpuri V. Rao1Qiliang Li2Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USADepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USADepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USAToxic gases, such as NO<sub>x</sub>, SO<sub>x</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>S and other S-containing gases, cause numerous harmful effects on human health even at very low gas concentrations. Reliable detection of various gases in low concentration is mandatory in the fields such as industrial plants, environmental monitoring, air quality assurance, automotive technologies and so on. In this paper, the recent advances in electrochemical sensors for toxic gas detections were reviewed and summarized with a focus on NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>S gas sensors. The recent progress of the detection of each of these toxic gases was categorized by the highly explored sensing materials over the past few decades. The important sensing performance parameters like sensitivity/response, response and recovery times at certain gas concentration and operating temperature for different sensor materials and structures have been summarized and tabulated to provide a thorough performance comparison. A novel metric, sensitivity per ppm/response time ratio has been calculated for each sensor in order to compare the overall sensing performance on the same reference. It is found that hybrid materials-based sensors exhibit the highest average ratio for NO<sub>2</sub> gas sensing, whereas GaN and metal-oxide based sensors possess the highest ratio for SO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>S gas sensing, respectively. Recently, significant research efforts have been made exploring new sensor materials, such as graphene and its derivatives, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), GaN, metal-metal oxide nanostructures, solid electrolytes and organic materials to detect the above-mentioned toxic gases. In addition, the contemporary progress in SO<sub>2</sub> gas sensors based on zeolite and paper and H<sub>2</sub>S gas sensors based on colorimetric and metal-organic framework (MOF) structures have also been reviewed. Finally, this work reviewed the recent first principle studies on the interaction between gas molecules and novel promising materials like arsenene, borophene, blue phosphorene, GeSe monolayer and germanene. The goal is to understand the surface interaction mechanism.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/4/905gas sensornitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>)sulphur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>)hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S)density-functional theory (DFT)Internet of Things (IoT)sensitivityresponse/recovery time |
| spellingShingle | Md Ashfaque Hossain Khan Mulpuri V. Rao Qiliang Li Recent Advances in Electrochemical Sensors for Detecting Toxic Gases: NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>S Sensors gas sensor nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) sulphur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>) hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) density-functional theory (DFT) Internet of Things (IoT) sensitivity response/recovery time |
| title | Recent Advances in Electrochemical Sensors for Detecting Toxic Gases: NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>S |
| title_full | Recent Advances in Electrochemical Sensors for Detecting Toxic Gases: NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>S |
| title_fullStr | Recent Advances in Electrochemical Sensors for Detecting Toxic Gases: NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>S |
| title_full_unstemmed | Recent Advances in Electrochemical Sensors for Detecting Toxic Gases: NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>S |
| title_short | Recent Advances in Electrochemical Sensors for Detecting Toxic Gases: NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>S |
| title_sort | recent advances in electrochemical sensors for detecting toxic gases no sub 2 sub so sub 2 sub and h sub 2 sub s |
| topic | gas sensor nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) sulphur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>) hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) density-functional theory (DFT) Internet of Things (IoT) sensitivity response/recovery time |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/4/905 |
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