Polyethylenimine-Coated Ultrasmall Holmium Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, Cytotoxicities, and Water Proton Spin Relaxivities
Water proton spin relaxivities, colloidal stability, and biocompatibility of nanoparticle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents depend on surface-coating ligands. In this study, hydrophilic and biocompatible polyethylenimines (PEIs) of different sizes (M<sub>n</sub> = 1200 and...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/9/1588 |
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| author | Shuwen Liu Huan Yue Son Long Ho Soyeon Kim Ji Ae Park Tirusew Tegafaw Mohammad Yaseen Ahmad Seungho Kim Abdullah Khamis Ali Al Saidi Dejun Zhao Ying Liu Sung-Wook Nam Kwon Seok Chae Yongmin Chang Gang Ho Lee |
| author_facet | Shuwen Liu Huan Yue Son Long Ho Soyeon Kim Ji Ae Park Tirusew Tegafaw Mohammad Yaseen Ahmad Seungho Kim Abdullah Khamis Ali Al Saidi Dejun Zhao Ying Liu Sung-Wook Nam Kwon Seok Chae Yongmin Chang Gang Ho Lee |
| author_sort | Shuwen Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Water proton spin relaxivities, colloidal stability, and biocompatibility of nanoparticle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents depend on surface-coating ligands. In this study, hydrophilic and biocompatible polyethylenimines (PEIs) of different sizes (M<sub>n</sub> = 1200 and 60,000 amu) were used as surface-coating ligands for ultrasmall holmium oxide (Ho<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) nanoparticles. The synthesized PEI1200- and PEI60000-coated ultrasmall Ho<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles, with an average particle diameter of 2.05 and 1.90 nm, respectively, demonstrated low cellular cytotoxicities, good colloidal stability, and appreciable transverse water proton spin relaxivities (r<sub>2</sub>) of 13.1 and 9.9 s<sup>−1</sup>mM<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, in a 3.0 T MR field with negligible longitudinal water proton spin relaxivities (r<sub>1</sub>) (i.e., 0.1 s<sup>−1</sup>mM<sup>−1</sup>) for both samples. Consequently, for both samples, the dose-dependent contrast changes in the longitudinal (R<sub>1</sub>) and transverse (R<sub>2</sub>) relaxation rate map images were negligible and appreciable, respectively, indicating their potential as efficient transverse T<sub>2</sub> MRI contrast agents in vitro. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:52:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e9e386ce861c49e2a07a83e6bbe9fd40 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:52:10Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-e9e386ce861c49e2a07a83e6bbe9fd402023-11-23T08:56:34ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912022-05-01129158810.3390/nano12091588Polyethylenimine-Coated Ultrasmall Holmium Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, Cytotoxicities, and Water Proton Spin RelaxivitiesShuwen Liu0Huan Yue1Son Long Ho2Soyeon Kim3Ji Ae Park4Tirusew Tegafaw5Mohammad Yaseen Ahmad6Seungho Kim7Abdullah Khamis Ali Al Saidi8Dejun Zhao9Ying Liu10Sung-Wook Nam11Kwon Seok Chae12Yongmin Chang13Gang Ho Lee14Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Taegu 41566, KoreaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Taegu 41566, KoreaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Taegu 41566, KoreaDivision of RI-Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01817, KoreaDivision of RI-Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01817, KoreaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Taegu 41566, KoreaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Taegu 41566, KoreaDepartment of Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Taegu 41944, KoreaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Taegu 41566, KoreaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Taegu 41566, KoreaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Taegu 41566, KoreaDepartment of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu 41944, KoreaDepartment of Biology Education, Teachers’ College, Kyungpook National University, Taegu 41566, KoreaDepartment of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu 41944, KoreaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Taegu 41566, KoreaWater proton spin relaxivities, colloidal stability, and biocompatibility of nanoparticle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents depend on surface-coating ligands. In this study, hydrophilic and biocompatible polyethylenimines (PEIs) of different sizes (M<sub>n</sub> = 1200 and 60,000 amu) were used as surface-coating ligands for ultrasmall holmium oxide (Ho<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) nanoparticles. The synthesized PEI1200- and PEI60000-coated ultrasmall Ho<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles, with an average particle diameter of 2.05 and 1.90 nm, respectively, demonstrated low cellular cytotoxicities, good colloidal stability, and appreciable transverse water proton spin relaxivities (r<sub>2</sub>) of 13.1 and 9.9 s<sup>−1</sup>mM<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, in a 3.0 T MR field with negligible longitudinal water proton spin relaxivities (r<sub>1</sub>) (i.e., 0.1 s<sup>−1</sup>mM<sup>−1</sup>) for both samples. Consequently, for both samples, the dose-dependent contrast changes in the longitudinal (R<sub>1</sub>) and transverse (R<sub>2</sub>) relaxation rate map images were negligible and appreciable, respectively, indicating their potential as efficient transverse T<sub>2</sub> MRI contrast agents in vitro.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/9/1588Ho<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>ultrasmall nanoparticlepolyethylenimine coatingrelaxivitycytotoxicity |
| spellingShingle | Shuwen Liu Huan Yue Son Long Ho Soyeon Kim Ji Ae Park Tirusew Tegafaw Mohammad Yaseen Ahmad Seungho Kim Abdullah Khamis Ali Al Saidi Dejun Zhao Ying Liu Sung-Wook Nam Kwon Seok Chae Yongmin Chang Gang Ho Lee Polyethylenimine-Coated Ultrasmall Holmium Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, Cytotoxicities, and Water Proton Spin Relaxivities Nanomaterials Ho<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ultrasmall nanoparticle polyethylenimine coating relaxivity cytotoxicity |
| title | Polyethylenimine-Coated Ultrasmall Holmium Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, Cytotoxicities, and Water Proton Spin Relaxivities |
| title_full | Polyethylenimine-Coated Ultrasmall Holmium Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, Cytotoxicities, and Water Proton Spin Relaxivities |
| title_fullStr | Polyethylenimine-Coated Ultrasmall Holmium Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, Cytotoxicities, and Water Proton Spin Relaxivities |
| title_full_unstemmed | Polyethylenimine-Coated Ultrasmall Holmium Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, Cytotoxicities, and Water Proton Spin Relaxivities |
| title_short | Polyethylenimine-Coated Ultrasmall Holmium Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, Cytotoxicities, and Water Proton Spin Relaxivities |
| title_sort | polyethylenimine coated ultrasmall holmium oxide nanoparticles synthesis characterization cytotoxicities and water proton spin relaxivities |
| topic | Ho<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ultrasmall nanoparticle polyethylenimine coating relaxivity cytotoxicity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/9/1588 |
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