Effects of Pre-Term Birth on the Cardio-Respiratory Responses to Hypoxic Exercise in Children
Pre-term birth is associated with numerous cardio-respiratory sequelae in children. Whether these impairments impact the responses to exercise in normoxia or hypoxia remains to be established. Fourteen prematurely-born (PREM) (Mean ± SD; gestational age 29 ± 2 weeks; age 9.5 ± 0.3 years), and 15 ful...
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| author | Benjamin J. Narang Giorgio Manferdelli Katja Kepic Alexandros Sotiridis Damjan Osredkar Nicolas Bourdillon Grégoire P. Millet Tadej Debevec |
| author_facet | Benjamin J. Narang Giorgio Manferdelli Katja Kepic Alexandros Sotiridis Damjan Osredkar Nicolas Bourdillon Grégoire P. Millet Tadej Debevec |
| author_sort | Benjamin J. Narang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pre-term birth is associated with numerous cardio-respiratory sequelae in children. Whether these impairments impact the responses to exercise in normoxia or hypoxia remains to be established. Fourteen prematurely-born (PREM) (Mean ± SD; gestational age 29 ± 2 weeks; age 9.5 ± 0.3 years), and 15 full-term children (CONT) (gestational age 39 ± 1 weeks; age 9.7 ± 0.9 years), underwent incremental exercise tests to exhaustion in normoxia (FiO<sub>2</sub> = 20.9%) and normobaric hypoxia (FiO<sub>2</sub> = 13.2%) on a cycle ergometer. Cardio-respiratory variables were measured throughout. Peak power output was higher in normoxia than hypoxia (103 ± 17 vs. 77 ± 18 W; <i>p</i> < 0.001), with no difference between CONT and PREM (94 ± 23 vs. 86 ± 19 W; <i>p</i> = 0.154). VO<sub>2</sub>peak was higher in normoxia than hypoxia in CONT (50.8 ± 7.2 vs. 43.8 ± 9.9 mL·kg<sup>−1</sup>·min<sup>−1</sup>; <i>p</i> < 0.001) but not in PREM (48.1 ± 7.5 vs. 45.0 ± 6.8 mL·kg<sup>−1</sup>·min<sup>−1</sup>; <i>p</i> = 0.137; interaction <i>p</i> = 0.044). Higher peak heart rate (187 ± 11 vs. 180 ± 10 bpm; <i>p</i> = 0.005) and lower stroke volume (72 ± 13 vs. 77 ± 14 mL; <i>p</i> = 0.004) were observed in normoxia <i>versus</i> hypoxia in CONT, with no such differences in PREM (<i>p</i> = 0.218 and >0.999, respectively). In conclusion, premature birth does not appear to exacerbate the negative effect of hypoxia on exercise capacity in children. Further research is warranted to identify whether prematurity elicits a protective effect, and to clarify the potential underlying mechanisms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:07:52Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-e9e7aacbb8484113bc13aa794ee2b7882023-11-23T14:24:38ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292022-01-011217910.3390/life12010079Effects of Pre-Term Birth on the Cardio-Respiratory Responses to Hypoxic Exercise in ChildrenBenjamin J. Narang0Giorgio Manferdelli1Katja Kepic2Alexandros Sotiridis3Damjan Osredkar4Nicolas Bourdillon5Grégoire P. Millet6Tadej Debevec7Department of Automatics, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaInstitute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, SwitzerlandFaculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaSchool of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17237 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Pediatric Neurology, University Children’s Hospital Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaInstitute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, SwitzerlandInstitute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, SwitzerlandDepartment of Automatics, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaPre-term birth is associated with numerous cardio-respiratory sequelae in children. Whether these impairments impact the responses to exercise in normoxia or hypoxia remains to be established. Fourteen prematurely-born (PREM) (Mean ± SD; gestational age 29 ± 2 weeks; age 9.5 ± 0.3 years), and 15 full-term children (CONT) (gestational age 39 ± 1 weeks; age 9.7 ± 0.9 years), underwent incremental exercise tests to exhaustion in normoxia (FiO<sub>2</sub> = 20.9%) and normobaric hypoxia (FiO<sub>2</sub> = 13.2%) on a cycle ergometer. Cardio-respiratory variables were measured throughout. Peak power output was higher in normoxia than hypoxia (103 ± 17 vs. 77 ± 18 W; <i>p</i> < 0.001), with no difference between CONT and PREM (94 ± 23 vs. 86 ± 19 W; <i>p</i> = 0.154). VO<sub>2</sub>peak was higher in normoxia than hypoxia in CONT (50.8 ± 7.2 vs. 43.8 ± 9.9 mL·kg<sup>−1</sup>·min<sup>−1</sup>; <i>p</i> < 0.001) but not in PREM (48.1 ± 7.5 vs. 45.0 ± 6.8 mL·kg<sup>−1</sup>·min<sup>−1</sup>; <i>p</i> = 0.137; interaction <i>p</i> = 0.044). Higher peak heart rate (187 ± 11 vs. 180 ± 10 bpm; <i>p</i> = 0.005) and lower stroke volume (72 ± 13 vs. 77 ± 14 mL; <i>p</i> = 0.004) were observed in normoxia <i>versus</i> hypoxia in CONT, with no such differences in PREM (<i>p</i> = 0.218 and >0.999, respectively). In conclusion, premature birth does not appear to exacerbate the negative effect of hypoxia on exercise capacity in children. Further research is warranted to identify whether prematurity elicits a protective effect, and to clarify the potential underlying mechanisms.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/1/79altitudechildrenexercise capacityhypoxiaprematurity |
| spellingShingle | Benjamin J. Narang Giorgio Manferdelli Katja Kepic Alexandros Sotiridis Damjan Osredkar Nicolas Bourdillon Grégoire P. Millet Tadej Debevec Effects of Pre-Term Birth on the Cardio-Respiratory Responses to Hypoxic Exercise in Children Life altitude children exercise capacity hypoxia prematurity |
| title | Effects of Pre-Term Birth on the Cardio-Respiratory Responses to Hypoxic Exercise in Children |
| title_full | Effects of Pre-Term Birth on the Cardio-Respiratory Responses to Hypoxic Exercise in Children |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Pre-Term Birth on the Cardio-Respiratory Responses to Hypoxic Exercise in Children |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Pre-Term Birth on the Cardio-Respiratory Responses to Hypoxic Exercise in Children |
| title_short | Effects of Pre-Term Birth on the Cardio-Respiratory Responses to Hypoxic Exercise in Children |
| title_sort | effects of pre term birth on the cardio respiratory responses to hypoxic exercise in children |
| topic | altitude children exercise capacity hypoxia prematurity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/1/79 |
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