Physiological Comparisons of Elite Male Visma Ski Classics and National Level Cross-Country Skiers During Uphill Treadmill Roller Skiing
Longer distance cross-country ski (14–220 km) races such as the Visma Ski Classics (VSC) has recently gained attention in addition to the traditional Olympic distances (5–50 km) associated with cross-country (XC) skiing. These long-distance races are characterized by extensive use of the upper body...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2018.01523/full |
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| author | Edvard H. Sagelv Tina P. Engseth Sigurd Pedersen Svein A. Pettersen Gunnar Mathisen Kim A. Heitmann Boye Welde Tor O. Thomassen Thomas L. Stöggl |
| author_facet | Edvard H. Sagelv Tina P. Engseth Sigurd Pedersen Svein A. Pettersen Gunnar Mathisen Kim A. Heitmann Boye Welde Tor O. Thomassen Thomas L. Stöggl |
| author_sort | Edvard H. Sagelv |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Longer distance cross-country ski (14–220 km) races such as the Visma Ski Classics (VSC) has recently gained attention in addition to the traditional Olympic distances (5–50 km) associated with cross-country (XC) skiing. These long-distance races are characterized by extensive use of the upper body while double poling (DP). While there is a substantial amount of research on Olympic distance XC skiing, the physiological capacities of VSC skiers has not yet been explored. We recruited seven elite male VSC skiers and seven well-trained national level male XC skiers to undergo three tests in the laboratory: (1) a one repetition maximum (1RM) strength test in a cable pulldown; (2) roller skiing tests on a treadmill (10.5% inclination) for determination of gross efficiency (GE) at submaximal speeds (8 and 10 km·h−1) in DP and diagonal stride (DS); (3) two ramp protocols to exhaustion (15% inclination, starting speed 7 km·h−1) in DP and DS for the assessment of peak and maximal oxygen uptake (V.O2peak and V.O2max), respectively. Compared with the national level XC skiers, the VSC skiers performed similar in the 1RM cable pulldown, displayed 12.2% higher GE in DP at 8 km·h−1 but did not display any difference at 10 km·h−1, and had lower blood lactate concentration and heart rate at both submaximal speeds. The VSC skiers had longer time to exhaustion compared with the national level XC skiers during the two ramp protocols in DS (18%) and in DP (29%). The V.O2max was 10% higher in DS compared with DP, with no differences between the groups. The V.O2peak/V.O2max-ratio of 90% did not differ between the two groups. In conclusion, the main differences were lower cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses at submaximal speeds as well as longer time to exhaustion in VSC skiers compared with national level XC skiers. This suggest efficiency to be the main difference between VSC and national level XC skiers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T06:14:08Z |
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| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T06:14:08Z |
| publishDate | 2018-11-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-e9e962db12e3419e817b8a8a2aa554422022-12-22T01:18:02ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2018-11-01910.3389/fphys.2018.01523416623Physiological Comparisons of Elite Male Visma Ski Classics and National Level Cross-Country Skiers During Uphill Treadmill Roller SkiingEdvard H. Sagelv0Tina P. Engseth1Sigurd Pedersen2Svein A. Pettersen3Gunnar Mathisen4Kim A. Heitmann5Boye Welde6Tor O. Thomassen7Thomas L. Stöggl8School of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, NorwaySchool of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, NorwaySchool of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, NorwaySchool of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, NorwayDepartment of Teaching and Pedagogy, Faculty of Humanities, Social Sciences and Teaching, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, NorwaySchool of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, NorwaySchool of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, NorwaySchool of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, NorwayDepartment of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, AustriaLonger distance cross-country ski (14–220 km) races such as the Visma Ski Classics (VSC) has recently gained attention in addition to the traditional Olympic distances (5–50 km) associated with cross-country (XC) skiing. These long-distance races are characterized by extensive use of the upper body while double poling (DP). While there is a substantial amount of research on Olympic distance XC skiing, the physiological capacities of VSC skiers has not yet been explored. We recruited seven elite male VSC skiers and seven well-trained national level male XC skiers to undergo three tests in the laboratory: (1) a one repetition maximum (1RM) strength test in a cable pulldown; (2) roller skiing tests on a treadmill (10.5% inclination) for determination of gross efficiency (GE) at submaximal speeds (8 and 10 km·h−1) in DP and diagonal stride (DS); (3) two ramp protocols to exhaustion (15% inclination, starting speed 7 km·h−1) in DP and DS for the assessment of peak and maximal oxygen uptake (V.O2peak and V.O2max), respectively. Compared with the national level XC skiers, the VSC skiers performed similar in the 1RM cable pulldown, displayed 12.2% higher GE in DP at 8 km·h−1 but did not display any difference at 10 km·h−1, and had lower blood lactate concentration and heart rate at both submaximal speeds. The VSC skiers had longer time to exhaustion compared with the national level XC skiers during the two ramp protocols in DS (18%) and in DP (29%). The V.O2max was 10% higher in DS compared with DP, with no differences between the groups. The V.O2peak/V.O2max-ratio of 90% did not differ between the two groups. In conclusion, the main differences were lower cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses at submaximal speeds as well as longer time to exhaustion in VSC skiers compared with national level XC skiers. This suggest efficiency to be the main difference between VSC and national level XC skiers.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2018.01523/fulldiagonal stridedouble polinglong-distancegross efficiencymaximal oxygen uptakesubmaximal oxygen uptake |
| spellingShingle | Edvard H. Sagelv Tina P. Engseth Sigurd Pedersen Svein A. Pettersen Gunnar Mathisen Kim A. Heitmann Boye Welde Tor O. Thomassen Thomas L. Stöggl Physiological Comparisons of Elite Male Visma Ski Classics and National Level Cross-Country Skiers During Uphill Treadmill Roller Skiing Frontiers in Physiology diagonal stride double poling long-distance gross efficiency maximal oxygen uptake submaximal oxygen uptake |
| title | Physiological Comparisons of Elite Male Visma Ski Classics and National Level Cross-Country Skiers During Uphill Treadmill Roller Skiing |
| title_full | Physiological Comparisons of Elite Male Visma Ski Classics and National Level Cross-Country Skiers During Uphill Treadmill Roller Skiing |
| title_fullStr | Physiological Comparisons of Elite Male Visma Ski Classics and National Level Cross-Country Skiers During Uphill Treadmill Roller Skiing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physiological Comparisons of Elite Male Visma Ski Classics and National Level Cross-Country Skiers During Uphill Treadmill Roller Skiing |
| title_short | Physiological Comparisons of Elite Male Visma Ski Classics and National Level Cross-Country Skiers During Uphill Treadmill Roller Skiing |
| title_sort | physiological comparisons of elite male visma ski classics and national level cross country skiers during uphill treadmill roller skiing |
| topic | diagonal stride double poling long-distance gross efficiency maximal oxygen uptake submaximal oxygen uptake |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2018.01523/full |
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