Systemic and Mucosal Humoral Immune Response Induced by Three Doses of the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines
BNT162b2 (BioNTech/Pfizer) was the first SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine approved by the European Medicines Agency. We monitored the long-term humoral responses of healthcare workers (HCWs) who received three vaccine doses. A total of 59 healthcare workers were studied: 47 were never SARS-CoV-2-infected (na...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/10/1649 |
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| author | Roberta Mancuso Simone Agostini Lorenzo Agostino Citterio Debora Chiarini Maria Antonia Santangelo Mario Clerici |
| author_facet | Roberta Mancuso Simone Agostini Lorenzo Agostino Citterio Debora Chiarini Maria Antonia Santangelo Mario Clerici |
| author_sort | Roberta Mancuso |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BNT162b2 (BioNTech/Pfizer) was the first SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine approved by the European Medicines Agency. We monitored the long-term humoral responses of healthcare workers (HCWs) who received three vaccine doses. A total of 59 healthcare workers were studied: 47 were never SARS-CoV-2-infected (naïve-HCWs), and 12 (infected-HCWs) recovered from COVID-19 before the first vaccine. Serum and saliva were collected at baseline (before the first dose), just before the second dose, 1, 3, 6, and 9 months after the second dose, and 10 days after the third vaccine. SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG and IgA were evaluated in serum and saliva, respectively, and the presence of neutralizing antibodies (NAb) was analyzed in serum. SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG peaked one month after the second vaccine in naïve-HCWs but right before this timepoint in infected-HCWs. IgG titers significantly decreased during follow-up and at month 9 were still detectable in 50% of naïve-HCWs and 90% of infected-HCWs. NAb were significantly decreased 6 months after the second vaccine in naïve-HCWs and 9 months after this dose in infected-HCWs. Salivary SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA titers were significantly higher in infected-HCWs and were undetectable 9 months after the second vaccine in 43% of the naïve-HCWs alone. The third vaccine greatly increased humoral IgG and mucosal IgA in both groups. Two BNT162b2 doses induced strong systemic and humoral immune responses; to note, these responses weakened over time, although they are more prolonged in individuals who had recovered from COVID-19. The third vaccine dose quickly boosts systemic and mucosal humoral responses. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:25:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e9fbbb1d8304480bb0da6dd35e64a6b1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:25:23Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-e9fbbb1d8304480bb0da6dd35e64a6b12023-11-24T03:03:39ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2022-10-011010164910.3390/vaccines10101649Systemic and Mucosal Humoral Immune Response Induced by Three Doses of the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA VaccinesRoberta Mancuso0Simone Agostini1Lorenzo Agostino Citterio2Debora Chiarini3Maria Antonia Santangelo4Mario Clerici5IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20148 Milan, ItalyIRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20148 Milan, ItalyIRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20148 Milan, ItalyIRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20148 Milan, ItalyIRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20148 Milan, ItalyIRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20148 Milan, ItalyBNT162b2 (BioNTech/Pfizer) was the first SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine approved by the European Medicines Agency. We monitored the long-term humoral responses of healthcare workers (HCWs) who received three vaccine doses. A total of 59 healthcare workers were studied: 47 were never SARS-CoV-2-infected (naïve-HCWs), and 12 (infected-HCWs) recovered from COVID-19 before the first vaccine. Serum and saliva were collected at baseline (before the first dose), just before the second dose, 1, 3, 6, and 9 months after the second dose, and 10 days after the third vaccine. SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG and IgA were evaluated in serum and saliva, respectively, and the presence of neutralizing antibodies (NAb) was analyzed in serum. SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG peaked one month after the second vaccine in naïve-HCWs but right before this timepoint in infected-HCWs. IgG titers significantly decreased during follow-up and at month 9 were still detectable in 50% of naïve-HCWs and 90% of infected-HCWs. NAb were significantly decreased 6 months after the second vaccine in naïve-HCWs and 9 months after this dose in infected-HCWs. Salivary SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA titers were significantly higher in infected-HCWs and were undetectable 9 months after the second vaccine in 43% of the naïve-HCWs alone. The third vaccine greatly increased humoral IgG and mucosal IgA in both groups. Two BNT162b2 doses induced strong systemic and humoral immune responses; to note, these responses weakened over time, although they are more prolonged in individuals who had recovered from COVID-19. The third vaccine dose quickly boosts systemic and mucosal humoral responses.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/10/1649SARS-CoV-2antibodiesmRNA vaccinesrehabilitationhumoral responseBNT162b/Pfizer/Comirnaty |
| spellingShingle | Roberta Mancuso Simone Agostini Lorenzo Agostino Citterio Debora Chiarini Maria Antonia Santangelo Mario Clerici Systemic and Mucosal Humoral Immune Response Induced by Three Doses of the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines Vaccines SARS-CoV-2 antibodies mRNA vaccines rehabilitation humoral response BNT162b/Pfizer/Comirnaty |
| title | Systemic and Mucosal Humoral Immune Response Induced by Three Doses of the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines |
| title_full | Systemic and Mucosal Humoral Immune Response Induced by Three Doses of the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines |
| title_fullStr | Systemic and Mucosal Humoral Immune Response Induced by Three Doses of the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines |
| title_full_unstemmed | Systemic and Mucosal Humoral Immune Response Induced by Three Doses of the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines |
| title_short | Systemic and Mucosal Humoral Immune Response Induced by Three Doses of the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines |
| title_sort | systemic and mucosal humoral immune response induced by three doses of the bnt162b2 sars cov 2 mrna vaccines |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 antibodies mRNA vaccines rehabilitation humoral response BNT162b/Pfizer/Comirnaty |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/10/1649 |
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