An Update on Thiol Signaling: S-Nitrosothiols, Hydrogen Sulfide and a Putative Role for Thionitrous Acid
Long considered vital to antioxidant defenses, thiol chemistry has more recently been recognized to be of fundamental importance to cell signaling. S-nitrosothiols—such as S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO)—and hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) are physiologic signaling thio...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-03-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/9/3/225 |
| _version_ | 1797727819943378944 |
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| author | Nadzeya Marozkina Benjamin Gaston |
| author_facet | Nadzeya Marozkina Benjamin Gaston |
| author_sort | Nadzeya Marozkina |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Long considered vital to antioxidant defenses, thiol chemistry has more recently been recognized to be of fundamental importance to cell signaling. S-nitrosothiols—such as S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO)—and hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) are physiologic signaling thiols that are regulated enzymatically. Current evidence suggests that they modify target protein function primarily through post-translational modifications. GSNO is made by NOS and other metalloproteins; H<sub>2</sub>S by metabolism of cysteine, homocysteine and cystathionine precursors. GSNO generally acts independently of NO generation and has a variety of gene regulatory, immune modulator, vascular, respiratory and neuronal effects. Some of this physiology is shared with H<sub>2</sub>S, though the mechanisms differ. Recent evidence also suggests that molecules resulting from reactions between GSNO and H<sub>2</sub>S, such as thionitrous acid (HSNO), could also have a role in physiology. Taken together, these data suggest important new potential targets for thiol-based drug development. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T11:04:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e9ff1dbfe3414e338cd7d171234e1806 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T11:04:58Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-e9ff1dbfe3414e338cd7d171234e18062023-09-02T04:07:29ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212020-03-019322510.3390/antiox9030225antiox9030225An Update on Thiol Signaling: S-Nitrosothiols, Hydrogen Sulfide and a Putative Role for Thionitrous AcidNadzeya Marozkina0Benjamin Gaston1Herman Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Riley Hospital for Children, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USAHerman Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Riley Hospital for Children, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USALong considered vital to antioxidant defenses, thiol chemistry has more recently been recognized to be of fundamental importance to cell signaling. S-nitrosothiols—such as S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO)—and hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) are physiologic signaling thiols that are regulated enzymatically. Current evidence suggests that they modify target protein function primarily through post-translational modifications. GSNO is made by NOS and other metalloproteins; H<sub>2</sub>S by metabolism of cysteine, homocysteine and cystathionine precursors. GSNO generally acts independently of NO generation and has a variety of gene regulatory, immune modulator, vascular, respiratory and neuronal effects. Some of this physiology is shared with H<sub>2</sub>S, though the mechanisms differ. Recent evidence also suggests that molecules resulting from reactions between GSNO and H<sub>2</sub>S, such as thionitrous acid (HSNO), could also have a role in physiology. Taken together, these data suggest important new potential targets for thiol-based drug development.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/9/3/225s-nitrosothiolshydrogen sulfidethionitrous acidantioxidants |
| spellingShingle | Nadzeya Marozkina Benjamin Gaston An Update on Thiol Signaling: S-Nitrosothiols, Hydrogen Sulfide and a Putative Role for Thionitrous Acid Antioxidants s-nitrosothiols hydrogen sulfide thionitrous acid antioxidants |
| title | An Update on Thiol Signaling: S-Nitrosothiols, Hydrogen Sulfide and a Putative Role for Thionitrous Acid |
| title_full | An Update on Thiol Signaling: S-Nitrosothiols, Hydrogen Sulfide and a Putative Role for Thionitrous Acid |
| title_fullStr | An Update on Thiol Signaling: S-Nitrosothiols, Hydrogen Sulfide and a Putative Role for Thionitrous Acid |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Update on Thiol Signaling: S-Nitrosothiols, Hydrogen Sulfide and a Putative Role for Thionitrous Acid |
| title_short | An Update on Thiol Signaling: S-Nitrosothiols, Hydrogen Sulfide and a Putative Role for Thionitrous Acid |
| title_sort | update on thiol signaling s nitrosothiols hydrogen sulfide and a putative role for thionitrous acid |
| topic | s-nitrosothiols hydrogen sulfide thionitrous acid antioxidants |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/9/3/225 |
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