Oxidative stress and protection against it in bacteria
Microorganisms are exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are formed in various ways, in particular, as a result of respiration or other intracellular processes, during metal-catalyzed Fenton reactions, as a result of the action of UV- and X-radiation, under the influence of some antimicrobia...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Львівський національний університет імені Івана Франка
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Біологічні студії |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://publications.lnu.edu.ua/journals/index.php/biology/article/view/2776 |
| _version_ | 1827918350519369728 |
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| author | Olha Maslovska Solomiia Komplikevych Svitlana Hnatush |
| author_facet | Olha Maslovska Solomiia Komplikevych Svitlana Hnatush |
| author_sort | Olha Maslovska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Microorganisms are exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are formed in various ways, in particular, as a result of respiration or other intracellular processes, during metal-catalyzed Fenton reactions, as a result of the action of UV- and X-radiation, under the influence of some antimicrobial drugs, or during the host immune oxidative-burst response against infection agents. In this review, we take a look at the mechanisms of microbial cell damage, including damage of lipids and proteins. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) is one of the main molecular mechanisms involved in oxidative damage to cellular structures. A variety of products are formed during LPO reactions: alkoxyl radicals, peroxyl radicals, hydroperoxides, diene conjugates, carbonyl compounds, aldehyde adducts with biopolymers, alcohols, esters, etc. These products include cytotoxic and highly reactive compounds. Free radical reactions of protein damage occur via hydrogen atom abstraction from α-carbon or SH-, NH2-groups of aminoacids and electron abstraction from nucleophile centers of proteins resulting in the fragmentation of proteins, their denaturation and the formation of amino acid radicals. Bacteria show a significant adaptive potential to the influence of stress agents, including ROS. We summarized the data on bacterial antioxidant protection, ROS redox sensors, and regulators of bacterial cell response to ROS exposure, focusing on the features of anaerobic microorganisms, as their responses to the oxidative damage are the least studied, and many problems remain unsolved. This review contains information about changes in fatty acid composition of lipids of the plasma membrane to maintain the necessary fluidity, and, thus, counteract the effects of various stressing agents, including ROS. The main modifications of the fatty acid composition of lipids important for the regulation of membrane fluidity are described, in particular, via changes in the degree of lipid saturation, cis/trans isomerization, and synthesis of cyclopropane fatty acids. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T03:42:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ea00409f70e04c1dabcc5954e90c918d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-4536 2311-0783 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T03:42:03Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | Львівський національний університет імені Івана Франка |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Біологічні студії |
| spelling | doaj.art-ea00409f70e04c1dabcc5954e90c918d2023-06-23T07:42:19ZengЛьвівський національний університет імені Івана ФранкаБіологічні студії1996-45362311-07832023-06-0117215317210.30970/sbi.1702.716Oxidative stress and protection against it in bacteriaOlha Maslovska0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0177-1419Solomiia Komplikevych1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9774-7113Svitlana Hnatush2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5353-102XIvan Franko National University of LvivIvan Franko National University of LvivIvan Franko National University of LvivMicroorganisms are exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are formed in various ways, in particular, as a result of respiration or other intracellular processes, during metal-catalyzed Fenton reactions, as a result of the action of UV- and X-radiation, under the influence of some antimicrobial drugs, or during the host immune oxidative-burst response against infection agents. In this review, we take a look at the mechanisms of microbial cell damage, including damage of lipids and proteins. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) is one of the main molecular mechanisms involved in oxidative damage to cellular structures. A variety of products are formed during LPO reactions: alkoxyl radicals, peroxyl radicals, hydroperoxides, diene conjugates, carbonyl compounds, aldehyde adducts with biopolymers, alcohols, esters, etc. These products include cytotoxic and highly reactive compounds. Free radical reactions of protein damage occur via hydrogen atom abstraction from α-carbon or SH-, NH2-groups of aminoacids and electron abstraction from nucleophile centers of proteins resulting in the fragmentation of proteins, their denaturation and the formation of amino acid radicals. Bacteria show a significant adaptive potential to the influence of stress agents, including ROS. We summarized the data on bacterial antioxidant protection, ROS redox sensors, and regulators of bacterial cell response to ROS exposure, focusing on the features of anaerobic microorganisms, as their responses to the oxidative damage are the least studied, and many problems remain unsolved. This review contains information about changes in fatty acid composition of lipids of the plasma membrane to maintain the necessary fluidity, and, thus, counteract the effects of various stressing agents, including ROS. The main modifications of the fatty acid composition of lipids important for the regulation of membrane fluidity are described, in particular, via changes in the degree of lipid saturation, cis/trans isomerization, and synthesis of cyclopropane fatty acids.http://publications.lnu.edu.ua/journals/index.php/biology/article/view/2776bacteriaoxidative stressreactive oxygen speciesantioxidant protectionfatty acid composition of lipidslipid damageprotein damage |
| spellingShingle | Olha Maslovska Solomiia Komplikevych Svitlana Hnatush Oxidative stress and protection against it in bacteria Біологічні студії bacteria oxidative stress reactive oxygen species antioxidant protection fatty acid composition of lipids lipid damage protein damage |
| title | Oxidative stress and protection against it in bacteria |
| title_full | Oxidative stress and protection against it in bacteria |
| title_fullStr | Oxidative stress and protection against it in bacteria |
| title_full_unstemmed | Oxidative stress and protection against it in bacteria |
| title_short | Oxidative stress and protection against it in bacteria |
| title_sort | oxidative stress and protection against it in bacteria |
| topic | bacteria oxidative stress reactive oxygen species antioxidant protection fatty acid composition of lipids lipid damage protein damage |
| url | http://publications.lnu.edu.ua/journals/index.php/biology/article/view/2776 |
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