Characteristics of the <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> Epidemic from 2019 to 2020 in Korea: Macrolide Resistance and Co-Infection Trends
<i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>, a major etiological agent of community-acquired pneumonia, exhibits distinct cyclic epidemic patterns recurring every three to five years. Several cases of co-infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 have been reported globally, resulti...
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/11/1623 |
| _version_ | 1797460434299650048 |
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| author | Soyoun Shin Sunhoe Koo Yong-Jin Yang Ho-Jae Lim |
| author_facet | Soyoun Shin Sunhoe Koo Yong-Jin Yang Ho-Jae Lim |
| author_sort | Soyoun Shin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>, a major etiological agent of community-acquired pneumonia, exhibits distinct cyclic epidemic patterns recurring every three to five years. Several cases of co-infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 have been reported globally, resulting in unfavorable clinical manifestations. This study investigated the epidemiological features of the recent <i>M. pneumoniae</i> outbreak (May 2019–April 2020) using retrospective data from the last five years. Molecular test data for macrolide resistance and co-infection were obtained from the Seegene Medical Foundation. National medical expenditure and hospitalization rates were analyzed using data from The Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service of Korea. The macrolide resistance rate was 69.67%, peaking at 71.30% during the epidemic period, which was considerably higher than the 60.89% rate during non-epidemic periods. The co-infection rate with other respiratory pathogens was 88.49%; macrolide-resistant <i>M. pneumoniae</i> strains showed a 2.33% higher co-infection rate than the susceptible strains. The epidemic period had 15.43% higher hospitalization and 78.27% higher medical budget expenditure per patient than non-epidemic periods. The increased rates of macrolide resistance and co-infection observed in macrolide-resistant <i>M. pneumoniae</i> during the epidemic period highlight the importance of monitoring future outbreaks, especially considering macrolide resistance and the risk of co-infection with other pathogens. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:05:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ea0c601a1df44553830f45864b6f65ac |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:05:00Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-ea0c601a1df44553830f45864b6f65ac2023-11-24T14:25:23ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822023-11-011211162310.3390/antibiotics12111623Characteristics of the <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> Epidemic from 2019 to 2020 in Korea: Macrolide Resistance and Co-Infection TrendsSoyoun Shin0Sunhoe Koo1Yong-Jin Yang2Ho-Jae Lim3Daejeon & Chungcheong Reference Lab., Seegene Medical Foundation, Daejeon 35203, Republic of KoreaDaejeon & Chungcheong Reference Lab., Seegene Medical Foundation, Daejeon 35203, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Molecular Diagnostics, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul 04805, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Molecular Diagnostics, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul 04805, Republic of Korea<i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>, a major etiological agent of community-acquired pneumonia, exhibits distinct cyclic epidemic patterns recurring every three to five years. Several cases of co-infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 have been reported globally, resulting in unfavorable clinical manifestations. This study investigated the epidemiological features of the recent <i>M. pneumoniae</i> outbreak (May 2019–April 2020) using retrospective data from the last five years. Molecular test data for macrolide resistance and co-infection were obtained from the Seegene Medical Foundation. National medical expenditure and hospitalization rates were analyzed using data from The Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service of Korea. The macrolide resistance rate was 69.67%, peaking at 71.30% during the epidemic period, which was considerably higher than the 60.89% rate during non-epidemic periods. The co-infection rate with other respiratory pathogens was 88.49%; macrolide-resistant <i>M. pneumoniae</i> strains showed a 2.33% higher co-infection rate than the susceptible strains. The epidemic period had 15.43% higher hospitalization and 78.27% higher medical budget expenditure per patient than non-epidemic periods. The increased rates of macrolide resistance and co-infection observed in macrolide-resistant <i>M. pneumoniae</i> during the epidemic period highlight the importance of monitoring future outbreaks, especially considering macrolide resistance and the risk of co-infection with other pathogens.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/11/1623<i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>co-infectionmacrolide resistanceSARS-CoV-2epidemiccommunity-acquired pneumonia |
| spellingShingle | Soyoun Shin Sunhoe Koo Yong-Jin Yang Ho-Jae Lim Characteristics of the <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> Epidemic from 2019 to 2020 in Korea: Macrolide Resistance and Co-Infection Trends Antibiotics <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> co-infection macrolide resistance SARS-CoV-2 epidemic community-acquired pneumonia |
| title | Characteristics of the <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> Epidemic from 2019 to 2020 in Korea: Macrolide Resistance and Co-Infection Trends |
| title_full | Characteristics of the <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> Epidemic from 2019 to 2020 in Korea: Macrolide Resistance and Co-Infection Trends |
| title_fullStr | Characteristics of the <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> Epidemic from 2019 to 2020 in Korea: Macrolide Resistance and Co-Infection Trends |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characteristics of the <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> Epidemic from 2019 to 2020 in Korea: Macrolide Resistance and Co-Infection Trends |
| title_short | Characteristics of the <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> Epidemic from 2019 to 2020 in Korea: Macrolide Resistance and Co-Infection Trends |
| title_sort | characteristics of the i mycoplasma pneumoniae i epidemic from 2019 to 2020 in korea macrolide resistance and co infection trends |
| topic | <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> co-infection macrolide resistance SARS-CoV-2 epidemic community-acquired pneumonia |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/11/1623 |
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