Sialic Acid as a Biomarker Studied in Breast Cancer Cell Lines In Vitro Using Fluorescent Molecularly Imprinted Polymers
Sialylations are post-translational modifications of proteins and lipids that play important roles in many cellular events, including cell-cell interactions, proliferation, and migration. Tumor cells express high levels of sialic acid (SA), which are often associated with the increased invasive pote...
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/7/3256 |
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| author | Zahra El-Schich Yuecheng Zhang Tommy Göransson Nishtman Dizeyi Jenny L. Persson Emil Johansson Remi Caraballo Mikael Elofsson Sudhirkumar Shinde Börje Sellergren Anette Gjörloff Wingren |
| author_facet | Zahra El-Schich Yuecheng Zhang Tommy Göransson Nishtman Dizeyi Jenny L. Persson Emil Johansson Remi Caraballo Mikael Elofsson Sudhirkumar Shinde Börje Sellergren Anette Gjörloff Wingren |
| author_sort | Zahra El-Schich |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sialylations are post-translational modifications of proteins and lipids that play important roles in many cellular events, including cell-cell interactions, proliferation, and migration. Tumor cells express high levels of sialic acid (SA), which are often associated with the increased invasive potential in clinical tumors, correlating with poor prognosis. To overcome the lack of natural SA-receptors, such as antibodies and lectins with high enough specificity and sensitivity, we have used molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), or “plastic antibodies”, as nanoprobes. Because high expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) in primary tumors is often associated with proliferation and a more aggressive phenotype, the expression of EpCAM and CD44 was initially analyzed. The SA-MIPs were used for the detection of SA on the cell surface of breast cancer cells. Lectins that specifically bind to the a-2,3 SA and a-2,6 SA variants were used for analysis of SA expression, with both flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Here we show a correlation of EpCAM and SA expression when using the SA-MIPs for detection of SA. We also demonstrate the binding pattern of the SA-MIPs on the breast cancer cell lines using confocal microscopy. Pre-incubation of the SA-MIPs with SA-derivatives as inhibitors could reduce the binding of the SA-MIPs to the tumor cells, indicating the specificity of the SA-MIPs. In conclusion, the SA-MIPs may be a new powerful tool in the diagnostic analysis of breast cancer cells. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:36:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ea0cee73aa8042e9afa7c88f73c35cf4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:36:14Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-ea0cee73aa8042e9afa7c88f73c35cf42023-11-21T14:16:25ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172021-04-01117325610.3390/app11073256Sialic Acid as a Biomarker Studied in Breast Cancer Cell Lines In Vitro Using Fluorescent Molecularly Imprinted PolymersZahra El-Schich0Yuecheng Zhang1Tommy Göransson2Nishtman Dizeyi3Jenny L. Persson4Emil Johansson5Remi Caraballo6Mikael Elofsson7Sudhirkumar Shinde8Börje Sellergren9Anette Gjörloff Wingren10Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, SwedenDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, SwedenDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, SwedenDepartment of Translational Medicine, Lund University, SE-205 06 Malmö, SwedenDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, SwedenDepartment of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, SwedenDepartment of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, SwedenDepartment of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, SwedenSchool of Consciousness, Vishwanath Karad Maharashtra Institute of Technology—World Peace University, Kothrud, Pune 411038, IndiaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, SwedenDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, SwedenSialylations are post-translational modifications of proteins and lipids that play important roles in many cellular events, including cell-cell interactions, proliferation, and migration. Tumor cells express high levels of sialic acid (SA), which are often associated with the increased invasive potential in clinical tumors, correlating with poor prognosis. To overcome the lack of natural SA-receptors, such as antibodies and lectins with high enough specificity and sensitivity, we have used molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), or “plastic antibodies”, as nanoprobes. Because high expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) in primary tumors is often associated with proliferation and a more aggressive phenotype, the expression of EpCAM and CD44 was initially analyzed. The SA-MIPs were used for the detection of SA on the cell surface of breast cancer cells. Lectins that specifically bind to the a-2,3 SA and a-2,6 SA variants were used for analysis of SA expression, with both flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Here we show a correlation of EpCAM and SA expression when using the SA-MIPs for detection of SA. We also demonstrate the binding pattern of the SA-MIPs on the breast cancer cell lines using confocal microscopy. Pre-incubation of the SA-MIPs with SA-derivatives as inhibitors could reduce the binding of the SA-MIPs to the tumor cells, indicating the specificity of the SA-MIPs. In conclusion, the SA-MIPs may be a new powerful tool in the diagnostic analysis of breast cancer cells.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/7/3256breast cancerepithelial cell adhesion moleculemolecularly imprinted polymersnanoparticlessialic acid |
| spellingShingle | Zahra El-Schich Yuecheng Zhang Tommy Göransson Nishtman Dizeyi Jenny L. Persson Emil Johansson Remi Caraballo Mikael Elofsson Sudhirkumar Shinde Börje Sellergren Anette Gjörloff Wingren Sialic Acid as a Biomarker Studied in Breast Cancer Cell Lines In Vitro Using Fluorescent Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Applied Sciences breast cancer epithelial cell adhesion molecule molecularly imprinted polymers nanoparticles sialic acid |
| title | Sialic Acid as a Biomarker Studied in Breast Cancer Cell Lines In Vitro Using Fluorescent Molecularly Imprinted Polymers |
| title_full | Sialic Acid as a Biomarker Studied in Breast Cancer Cell Lines In Vitro Using Fluorescent Molecularly Imprinted Polymers |
| title_fullStr | Sialic Acid as a Biomarker Studied in Breast Cancer Cell Lines In Vitro Using Fluorescent Molecularly Imprinted Polymers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sialic Acid as a Biomarker Studied in Breast Cancer Cell Lines In Vitro Using Fluorescent Molecularly Imprinted Polymers |
| title_short | Sialic Acid as a Biomarker Studied in Breast Cancer Cell Lines In Vitro Using Fluorescent Molecularly Imprinted Polymers |
| title_sort | sialic acid as a biomarker studied in breast cancer cell lines in vitro using fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymers |
| topic | breast cancer epithelial cell adhesion molecule molecularly imprinted polymers nanoparticles sialic acid |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/7/3256 |
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