MALDI-TOF MS Limits for the Identification of Mediterranean Sandflies of the Subgenus <i>Larroussius</i>, with a Special Focus on the <i>Phlebotomus perniciosus</i> Complex
<i>Leishmania infantum</i> is the agent of visceral leishmaniasis in the Mediterranean basin. It is transmitted by sandflies of the subgenus <i>Larroussius</i>. Although <i>Phlebotomus perniciosus</i> is the most important vector in this area, an atypical <i>...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/11/2135 |
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| author | Antoine Huguenin Bernard Pesson Matthieu L. Kaltenbach Adama Zan Diarra Philippe Parola Jérôme Depaquit Fano José Randrianambinintsoa |
| author_facet | Antoine Huguenin Bernard Pesson Matthieu L. Kaltenbach Adama Zan Diarra Philippe Parola Jérôme Depaquit Fano José Randrianambinintsoa |
| author_sort | Antoine Huguenin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Leishmania infantum</i> is the agent of visceral leishmaniasis in the Mediterranean basin. It is transmitted by sandflies of the subgenus <i>Larroussius</i>. Although <i>Phlebotomus perniciosus</i> is the most important vector in this area, an atypical <i>Ph. perniciosus</i> easily confused with <i>Ph. longicuspis</i> has been observed in North Africa. MALDI-TOF MS, an important tool for vector identification, has recently been applied for the identification of sandflies. Spectral databases presented in the literature, however, include only a limited number of <i>Larroussius</i> species. Our objective was to create an in-house database to identify Mediterranean sandflies and to evaluate the ability of MALDI-TOF MS to discriminate close species or atypical forms within the <i>Larroussius</i> subgenus. Field-caught specimens (<i>n</i> = 94) were identified morphologically as typical <i>Ph. perniciosus</i> (PN; <i>n</i> = 55), atypical <i>Ph. perniciosus</i> (PNA; <i>n</i> = 9), <i>Ph. longicuspis</i> (<i>n</i> = 9), <i>Ph. ariasi</i> (<i>n</i> = 9), <i>Ph. mascittii</i> (<i>n</i> = 3), <i>Ph. neglectus</i> (<i>n</i> = 5), <i>Ph. perfiliewi</i> (<i>n</i> = 1), <i>Ph. similis</i> (<i>n</i> = 9) and <i>Ph.</i> <i>papatasi</i> (<i>n</i> = 2). Identifications were confirmed by sequencing of the mtDNA CytB region and sixteen specimens were included in the in-house database. Blind assessment on 73 specimens (representing 1073 good quality spectra) showed a good agreement (98.5%) between MALDI-TOF MS and molecular identification. Discrepancies concerned confusions between <i>Ph. perfiliewi</i> and <i>Ph. perniciosus</i>. Hierarchical clustering did not allow classification of PN and PNA. The use of machine learning, however, allowed discernment between PN and PNA and between the lcus and lcx haplotypes of <i>Ph. longicuspis</i> (accuracy: 0.8938 with partial-least-square regression and random forest models). MALDI-TOF MS is a promising tool for the rapid and accurate identification of field-caught sandflies. The use of machine learning could allow to discriminate similar species. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:50:25Z |
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| id | doaj.art-ea13e5f0380a4009802e7a61c42c09c2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:50:25Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
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| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-ea13e5f0380a4009802e7a61c42c09c22023-11-24T05:56:21ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072022-10-011011213510.3390/microorganisms10112135MALDI-TOF MS Limits for the Identification of Mediterranean Sandflies of the Subgenus <i>Larroussius</i>, with a Special Focus on the <i>Phlebotomus perniciosus</i> ComplexAntoine Huguenin0Bernard Pesson1Matthieu L. Kaltenbach2Adama Zan Diarra3Philippe Parola4Jérôme Depaquit5Fano José Randrianambinintsoa6EA 7510 ESCAPE, USC VECPAR, ANSES, SFR Cap Santé, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51096 Reims, FranceEA 7510 ESCAPE, USC VECPAR, ANSES, SFR Cap Santé, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51096 Reims, FranceEA 7510 ESCAPE, USC VECPAR, ANSES, SFR Cap Santé, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51096 Reims, FranceIRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, FranceIRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, FranceEA 7510 ESCAPE, USC VECPAR, ANSES, SFR Cap Santé, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51096 Reims, FranceEA 7510 ESCAPE, USC VECPAR, ANSES, SFR Cap Santé, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51096 Reims, France<i>Leishmania infantum</i> is the agent of visceral leishmaniasis in the Mediterranean basin. It is transmitted by sandflies of the subgenus <i>Larroussius</i>. Although <i>Phlebotomus perniciosus</i> is the most important vector in this area, an atypical <i>Ph. perniciosus</i> easily confused with <i>Ph. longicuspis</i> has been observed in North Africa. MALDI-TOF MS, an important tool for vector identification, has recently been applied for the identification of sandflies. Spectral databases presented in the literature, however, include only a limited number of <i>Larroussius</i> species. Our objective was to create an in-house database to identify Mediterranean sandflies and to evaluate the ability of MALDI-TOF MS to discriminate close species or atypical forms within the <i>Larroussius</i> subgenus. Field-caught specimens (<i>n</i> = 94) were identified morphologically as typical <i>Ph. perniciosus</i> (PN; <i>n</i> = 55), atypical <i>Ph. perniciosus</i> (PNA; <i>n</i> = 9), <i>Ph. longicuspis</i> (<i>n</i> = 9), <i>Ph. ariasi</i> (<i>n</i> = 9), <i>Ph. mascittii</i> (<i>n</i> = 3), <i>Ph. neglectus</i> (<i>n</i> = 5), <i>Ph. perfiliewi</i> (<i>n</i> = 1), <i>Ph. similis</i> (<i>n</i> = 9) and <i>Ph.</i> <i>papatasi</i> (<i>n</i> = 2). Identifications were confirmed by sequencing of the mtDNA CytB region and sixteen specimens were included in the in-house database. Blind assessment on 73 specimens (representing 1073 good quality spectra) showed a good agreement (98.5%) between MALDI-TOF MS and molecular identification. Discrepancies concerned confusions between <i>Ph. perfiliewi</i> and <i>Ph. perniciosus</i>. Hierarchical clustering did not allow classification of PN and PNA. The use of machine learning, however, allowed discernment between PN and PNA and between the lcus and lcx haplotypes of <i>Ph. longicuspis</i> (accuracy: 0.8938 with partial-least-square regression and random forest models). MALDI-TOF MS is a promising tool for the rapid and accurate identification of field-caught sandflies. The use of machine learning could allow to discriminate similar species.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/11/2135<i>Phlebotomus</i><i>Larroussius</i>species complexMALDI-TOF MSidentificationhigh-throughput identification |
| spellingShingle | Antoine Huguenin Bernard Pesson Matthieu L. Kaltenbach Adama Zan Diarra Philippe Parola Jérôme Depaquit Fano José Randrianambinintsoa MALDI-TOF MS Limits for the Identification of Mediterranean Sandflies of the Subgenus <i>Larroussius</i>, with a Special Focus on the <i>Phlebotomus perniciosus</i> Complex Microorganisms <i>Phlebotomus</i> <i>Larroussius</i> species complex MALDI-TOF MS identification high-throughput identification |
| title | MALDI-TOF MS Limits for the Identification of Mediterranean Sandflies of the Subgenus <i>Larroussius</i>, with a Special Focus on the <i>Phlebotomus perniciosus</i> Complex |
| title_full | MALDI-TOF MS Limits for the Identification of Mediterranean Sandflies of the Subgenus <i>Larroussius</i>, with a Special Focus on the <i>Phlebotomus perniciosus</i> Complex |
| title_fullStr | MALDI-TOF MS Limits for the Identification of Mediterranean Sandflies of the Subgenus <i>Larroussius</i>, with a Special Focus on the <i>Phlebotomus perniciosus</i> Complex |
| title_full_unstemmed | MALDI-TOF MS Limits for the Identification of Mediterranean Sandflies of the Subgenus <i>Larroussius</i>, with a Special Focus on the <i>Phlebotomus perniciosus</i> Complex |
| title_short | MALDI-TOF MS Limits for the Identification of Mediterranean Sandflies of the Subgenus <i>Larroussius</i>, with a Special Focus on the <i>Phlebotomus perniciosus</i> Complex |
| title_sort | maldi tof ms limits for the identification of mediterranean sandflies of the subgenus i larroussius i with a special focus on the i phlebotomus perniciosus i complex |
| topic | <i>Phlebotomus</i> <i>Larroussius</i> species complex MALDI-TOF MS identification high-throughput identification |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/11/2135 |
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