Comparison of Growth and Chemical Profile of Diatom <i>Skeletonema grevillei</i> in Bioreactor and Incubation-Shaking Cabinet in Two Growth Phases
Marine microalgae, diatoms, are considered a source of a wide range of high-value compounds, and numerous studies indicate their biotechnological potential in the food and feed industry, cosmetic industry, nanotechnology, pharmaceutical industry, biodiesel production, fertilizers, and wastewater tre...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Marine Drugs |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/20/11/697 |
| _version_ | 1797467550841307136 |
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| author | Roberta Frleta Marijana Popović Tvrtko Smital Vida Šimat |
| author_facet | Roberta Frleta Marijana Popović Tvrtko Smital Vida Šimat |
| author_sort | Roberta Frleta |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Marine microalgae, diatoms, are considered a source of a wide range of high-value compounds, and numerous studies indicate their biotechnological potential in the food and feed industry, cosmetic industry, nanotechnology, pharmaceutical industry, biodiesel production, fertilizers, and wastewater treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the growth, chemical profiles, and antioxidant activity of the diatom <i>Skeletonema grevillei</i> cultivated in a bioreactor and an incubation-shaking cabinet at different growth phases (after 192 and 312 h). Growth was monitored by evaluating cell density with the Sedgewick Rafter chamber, and the collected biomass was extracted with 70% ethanol assisted by ultrasound. Extracts were evaporated to dryness and compounds were identified in derivatized form by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, while antioxidant capacity was evaluated by DPPH and ORAC. Significantly faster growth was observed in the bioreactor than in the incubation-shaking cabinet. Oleamide, palmitelaidic acid, glycerol monostearate, myristic acid, cholesterol, eicosapentaenoic acid, 1-monopalmitin, and 24-methylene cholesterol were identified as the major compounds in both systems. Among them, oleamide was the dominant compound in both systems. It is also shown that prolonging the cultivation period had a direct effect on increasing the extract yield. The highest DPPH inhibition (11.4 ± 1%) and ORAC values (93.3 ± 8.4 mM TE) were obtained for the <i>S. grevillei</i> extract recovered from the bioreactor after 312 h. The obtained results contribute to the possibility of using <i>S. grevillei</i> for various biotechnological applications in the future. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:54:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ea13ea5bd44b4e6a8d848f640f9cbf37 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1660-3397 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:54:16Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Marine Drugs |
| spelling | doaj.art-ea13ea5bd44b4e6a8d848f640f9cbf372023-11-24T05:34:36ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972022-11-01201169710.3390/md20110697Comparison of Growth and Chemical Profile of Diatom <i>Skeletonema grevillei</i> in Bioreactor and Incubation-Shaking Cabinet in Two Growth PhasesRoberta Frleta0Marijana Popović1Tvrtko Smital2Vida Šimat3Center of Excellence for Science and Technology-Integration of Mediterranean Region (STIM), Faculty of Science, Ruđera Boškovića 35, University of Split, 21000 Split, CroatiaDepartment of Applied Science, Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, CroatiaDivision for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10002 Zagreb, CroatiaUniversity Department of Marine Studies, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 37, 21000 Split, CroatiaMarine microalgae, diatoms, are considered a source of a wide range of high-value compounds, and numerous studies indicate their biotechnological potential in the food and feed industry, cosmetic industry, nanotechnology, pharmaceutical industry, biodiesel production, fertilizers, and wastewater treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the growth, chemical profiles, and antioxidant activity of the diatom <i>Skeletonema grevillei</i> cultivated in a bioreactor and an incubation-shaking cabinet at different growth phases (after 192 and 312 h). Growth was monitored by evaluating cell density with the Sedgewick Rafter chamber, and the collected biomass was extracted with 70% ethanol assisted by ultrasound. Extracts were evaporated to dryness and compounds were identified in derivatized form by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, while antioxidant capacity was evaluated by DPPH and ORAC. Significantly faster growth was observed in the bioreactor than in the incubation-shaking cabinet. Oleamide, palmitelaidic acid, glycerol monostearate, myristic acid, cholesterol, eicosapentaenoic acid, 1-monopalmitin, and 24-methylene cholesterol were identified as the major compounds in both systems. Among them, oleamide was the dominant compound in both systems. It is also shown that prolonging the cultivation period had a direct effect on increasing the extract yield. The highest DPPH inhibition (11.4 ± 1%) and ORAC values (93.3 ± 8.4 mM TE) were obtained for the <i>S. grevillei</i> extract recovered from the bioreactor after 312 h. The obtained results contribute to the possibility of using <i>S. grevillei</i> for various biotechnological applications in the future.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/20/11/697diatombioreactorincubation-shaking cabinetderivatized compoundsantioxidant activity |
| spellingShingle | Roberta Frleta Marijana Popović Tvrtko Smital Vida Šimat Comparison of Growth and Chemical Profile of Diatom <i>Skeletonema grevillei</i> in Bioreactor and Incubation-Shaking Cabinet in Two Growth Phases Marine Drugs diatom bioreactor incubation-shaking cabinet derivatized compounds antioxidant activity |
| title | Comparison of Growth and Chemical Profile of Diatom <i>Skeletonema grevillei</i> in Bioreactor and Incubation-Shaking Cabinet in Two Growth Phases |
| title_full | Comparison of Growth and Chemical Profile of Diatom <i>Skeletonema grevillei</i> in Bioreactor and Incubation-Shaking Cabinet in Two Growth Phases |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of Growth and Chemical Profile of Diatom <i>Skeletonema grevillei</i> in Bioreactor and Incubation-Shaking Cabinet in Two Growth Phases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of Growth and Chemical Profile of Diatom <i>Skeletonema grevillei</i> in Bioreactor and Incubation-Shaking Cabinet in Two Growth Phases |
| title_short | Comparison of Growth and Chemical Profile of Diatom <i>Skeletonema grevillei</i> in Bioreactor and Incubation-Shaking Cabinet in Two Growth Phases |
| title_sort | comparison of growth and chemical profile of diatom i skeletonema grevillei i in bioreactor and incubation shaking cabinet in two growth phases |
| topic | diatom bioreactor incubation-shaking cabinet derivatized compounds antioxidant activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/20/11/697 |
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