Hemorrhagic Fever-Causing Arenaviruses: Lethal Pathogens and Potent Immune Suppressors
Hemorrhagic fevers (HF) resulting from pathogenic arenaviral infections have traditionally been neglected as tropical diseases primarily affecting African and South American regions. There are currently no FDA-approved vaccines for arenaviruses, and treatments have been limited to supportive therapy...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2019.00372/full |
| _version_ | 1819033241714163712 |
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| author | Morgan E. Brisse Morgan E. Brisse Hinh Ly |
| author_facet | Morgan E. Brisse Morgan E. Brisse Hinh Ly |
| author_sort | Morgan E. Brisse |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hemorrhagic fevers (HF) resulting from pathogenic arenaviral infections have traditionally been neglected as tropical diseases primarily affecting African and South American regions. There are currently no FDA-approved vaccines for arenaviruses, and treatments have been limited to supportive therapy and use of non-specific nucleoside analogs, such as Ribavirin. Outbreaks of arenaviral infections have been limited to certain geographic areas that are endemic but known cases of exportation of arenaviruses from endemic regions and socioeconomic challenges for local control of rodent reservoirs raise serious concerns about the potential for larger outbreaks in the future. This review synthesizes current knowledge about arenaviral evolution, ecology, transmission patterns, life cycle, modulation of host immunity, disease pathogenesis, as well as discusses recent development of preventative and therapeutic pursuits against this group of deadly viral pathogens. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T07:14:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ea1d0100f2c5493e8b3491a198273cf1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T07:14:43Z |
| publishDate | 2019-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-ea1d0100f2c5493e8b3491a198273cf12022-12-21T19:11:53ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242019-03-011010.3389/fimmu.2019.00372447540Hemorrhagic Fever-Causing Arenaviruses: Lethal Pathogens and Potent Immune SuppressorsMorgan E. Brisse0Morgan E. Brisse1Hinh Ly2Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United StatesDepartment of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United StatesDepartment of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United StatesHemorrhagic fevers (HF) resulting from pathogenic arenaviral infections have traditionally been neglected as tropical diseases primarily affecting African and South American regions. There are currently no FDA-approved vaccines for arenaviruses, and treatments have been limited to supportive therapy and use of non-specific nucleoside analogs, such as Ribavirin. Outbreaks of arenaviral infections have been limited to certain geographic areas that are endemic but known cases of exportation of arenaviruses from endemic regions and socioeconomic challenges for local control of rodent reservoirs raise serious concerns about the potential for larger outbreaks in the future. This review synthesizes current knowledge about arenaviral evolution, ecology, transmission patterns, life cycle, modulation of host immunity, disease pathogenesis, as well as discusses recent development of preventative and therapeutic pursuits against this group of deadly viral pathogens.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2019.00372/fullarenavirusesLassa feverhost-virus interactionsinnate and adaptive immunityviral immunologyviral pathogenesis |
| spellingShingle | Morgan E. Brisse Morgan E. Brisse Hinh Ly Hemorrhagic Fever-Causing Arenaviruses: Lethal Pathogens and Potent Immune Suppressors Frontiers in Immunology arenaviruses Lassa fever host-virus interactions innate and adaptive immunity viral immunology viral pathogenesis |
| title | Hemorrhagic Fever-Causing Arenaviruses: Lethal Pathogens and Potent Immune Suppressors |
| title_full | Hemorrhagic Fever-Causing Arenaviruses: Lethal Pathogens and Potent Immune Suppressors |
| title_fullStr | Hemorrhagic Fever-Causing Arenaviruses: Lethal Pathogens and Potent Immune Suppressors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hemorrhagic Fever-Causing Arenaviruses: Lethal Pathogens and Potent Immune Suppressors |
| title_short | Hemorrhagic Fever-Causing Arenaviruses: Lethal Pathogens and Potent Immune Suppressors |
| title_sort | hemorrhagic fever causing arenaviruses lethal pathogens and potent immune suppressors |
| topic | arenaviruses Lassa fever host-virus interactions innate and adaptive immunity viral immunology viral pathogenesis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2019.00372/full |
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