Variability in Minimal-Damage Sap Flow Observations and Whole-Tree Transpiration Estimates in a Coniferous Forest
Transpiration is fundamental to the understanding of the ecophysiology of planted forests in arid ecosystems, and it is one of the most uncertain components in the ecosystem water balance. The objective of this study was to quantify differences in whole-tree transpiration estimates obtained with a h...
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| author | Junjun Yang Zhibin He Pengfei Lin Jun Du Quanyan Tian Jianmin Feng Yufeng Liu Lingxia Guo Guohua Wang Jialiang Yan Weijun Zhao |
| author_facet | Junjun Yang Zhibin He Pengfei Lin Jun Du Quanyan Tian Jianmin Feng Yufeng Liu Lingxia Guo Guohua Wang Jialiang Yan Weijun Zhao |
| author_sort | Junjun Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Transpiration is fundamental to the understanding of the ecophysiology of planted forests in arid ecosystems, and it is one of the most uncertain components in the ecosystem water balance. The objective of this study was to quantify differences in whole-tree transpiration estimates obtained with a heat ratio probe in a secondary Qinghai spruce (<i>Picea crassifolia</i>) forest. To do this, we analyzed the sap flux density values obtained with sensors installed in (1) holes drilled in the preceding growing season (treatment) and (2) holes drilled in the current year (control). The study was conducted in a catchment in the Qilian Mountains of western China. The results showed that an incomplete diameter at breast height (DBH) range contributed to 28.5% of the overestimation of the sapwood area when the DBH > 10 cm and 22.6% of the underestimation of the sapwood area when the DBH < 5 cm. At daily scales, there were significant differences in both the quantity and magnitude of the sap flux density between the treatment and control groups. Furthermore, a linear regression function (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.96, <i>p</i> < 0.001), which was almost parallel to the 1:1 reference line, was obtained for the sap flux density correction for the treatment group, and the daily sap flux density and whole-tree transpiration were underestimated by 36.8 and 37.5%, respectively, at the half-hour scale. This study illustrates uncertainties and a correction function for sap flow estimations in young Qinghai spruce trees when using heat ratio sensors with minimal damage over multiple growing seasons. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-ea249c89dde1423f91ccb8e6da0989572023-12-02T00:29:26ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412022-08-011416255110.3390/w14162551Variability in Minimal-Damage Sap Flow Observations and Whole-Tree Transpiration Estimates in a Coniferous ForestJunjun Yang0Zhibin He1Pengfei Lin2Jun Du3Quanyan Tian4Jianmin Feng5Yufeng Liu6Lingxia Guo7Guohua Wang8Jialiang Yan9Weijun Zhao10College of Geography & Environment, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang 712000, ChinaLinze Inland River Basin Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of Inland River Basin, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaLinze Inland River Basin Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of Inland River Basin, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaLinze Inland River Basin Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of Inland River Basin, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaLinze Inland River Basin Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of Inland River Basin, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaCollege of Geography & Environment, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang 712000, ChinaCollege of Geography & Environment, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang 712000, ChinaCollege of Geography & Environment, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang 712000, ChinaCollege of Geographical Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030000, ChinaInstitute of Geography Science, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, ChinaAcademy of Water Resources Conservation Forests in Qilian Mountains of Gansu Province, Zhangye 734000, ChinaTranspiration is fundamental to the understanding of the ecophysiology of planted forests in arid ecosystems, and it is one of the most uncertain components in the ecosystem water balance. The objective of this study was to quantify differences in whole-tree transpiration estimates obtained with a heat ratio probe in a secondary Qinghai spruce (<i>Picea crassifolia</i>) forest. To do this, we analyzed the sap flux density values obtained with sensors installed in (1) holes drilled in the preceding growing season (treatment) and (2) holes drilled in the current year (control). The study was conducted in a catchment in the Qilian Mountains of western China. The results showed that an incomplete diameter at breast height (DBH) range contributed to 28.5% of the overestimation of the sapwood area when the DBH > 10 cm and 22.6% of the underestimation of the sapwood area when the DBH < 5 cm. At daily scales, there were significant differences in both the quantity and magnitude of the sap flux density between the treatment and control groups. Furthermore, a linear regression function (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.96, <i>p</i> < 0.001), which was almost parallel to the 1:1 reference line, was obtained for the sap flux density correction for the treatment group, and the daily sap flux density and whole-tree transpiration were underestimated by 36.8 and 37.5%, respectively, at the half-hour scale. This study illustrates uncertainties and a correction function for sap flow estimations in young Qinghai spruce trees when using heat ratio sensors with minimal damage over multiple growing seasons.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/16/2551Qinghai sprucesap flowtranspirationheat ratio method (HRM)upper Heihe River Basin |
| spellingShingle | Junjun Yang Zhibin He Pengfei Lin Jun Du Quanyan Tian Jianmin Feng Yufeng Liu Lingxia Guo Guohua Wang Jialiang Yan Weijun Zhao Variability in Minimal-Damage Sap Flow Observations and Whole-Tree Transpiration Estimates in a Coniferous Forest Water Qinghai spruce sap flow transpiration heat ratio method (HRM) upper Heihe River Basin |
| title | Variability in Minimal-Damage Sap Flow Observations and Whole-Tree Transpiration Estimates in a Coniferous Forest |
| title_full | Variability in Minimal-Damage Sap Flow Observations and Whole-Tree Transpiration Estimates in a Coniferous Forest |
| title_fullStr | Variability in Minimal-Damage Sap Flow Observations and Whole-Tree Transpiration Estimates in a Coniferous Forest |
| title_full_unstemmed | Variability in Minimal-Damage Sap Flow Observations and Whole-Tree Transpiration Estimates in a Coniferous Forest |
| title_short | Variability in Minimal-Damage Sap Flow Observations and Whole-Tree Transpiration Estimates in a Coniferous Forest |
| title_sort | variability in minimal damage sap flow observations and whole tree transpiration estimates in a coniferous forest |
| topic | Qinghai spruce sap flow transpiration heat ratio method (HRM) upper Heihe River Basin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/16/2551 |
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