A Flower Pollination Algorithm-Optimized Wavelet Transform and Deep CNN for Analyzing Binaural Beats and Anxiety
Binaural beats are a low-frequency form of acoustic stimulation that may be heard between 200 and 900 Hz and can help reduce anxiety as well as alter other psychological situations and states by affecting mood and cognitive function. However, prior research has only looked at the impact of binaural...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | AI |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-2688/5/1/7 |
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| author | Devika Rankhambe Bharati Sanjay Ainapure Bhargav Appasani Amitkumar V. Jha |
| author_facet | Devika Rankhambe Bharati Sanjay Ainapure Bhargav Appasani Amitkumar V. Jha |
| author_sort | Devika Rankhambe |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Binaural beats are a low-frequency form of acoustic stimulation that may be heard between 200 and 900 Hz and can help reduce anxiety as well as alter other psychological situations and states by affecting mood and cognitive function. However, prior research has only looked at the impact of binaural beats on state and trait anxiety using the STA-I scale; the level of anxiety has not yet been evaluated, and for the removal of artifacts the improper selection of wavelet parameters reduced the original signal energy. Hence, in this research, the level of anxiety when hearing binaural beats has been analyzed using a novel optimized wavelet transform in which optimized wavelet parameters are extracted from the EEG signal using the flower pollination algorithm, whereby artifacts are removed effectively from the EEG signal. Thus, EEG signals have five types of brainwaves in the existing models, which have not been analyzed optimally for brainwaves other than delta waves nor has the level of anxiety yet been analyzed using binaural beats. To overcome this, deep convolutional neural network (CNN)-based signal processing has been proposed. In this, deep features are extracted from optimized EEG signal parameters, which are precisely selected and adjusted to their most efficient values using the flower pollination algorithm, ensuring minimal signal energy reduction and artifact removal to maintain the integrity of the original EEG signal during analysis. These features provide the accurate classification of various levels of anxiety, which provides more accurate results for the effects of binaural beats on anxiety from brainwaves. Finally, the proposed model is implemented in the Python platform, and the obtained results demonstrate its efficacy. The proposed optimized wavelet transform using deep CNN-based signal processing outperforms existing techniques such as KNN, SVM, LDA, and Narrow-ANN, with a high accuracy of 0.99%, precision of 0.99%, recall of 0.99%, F1-score of 0.99%, specificity of 0.999%, and error rate of 0.01%. Thus, the optimized wavelet transform with a deep CNN can perform an effective decomposition of EEG data and extract deep features related to anxiety to analyze the effect of binaural beats on anxiety levels. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:38:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ea2ced087a574194830152422c180ae2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-2688 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:38:16Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | AI |
| spelling | doaj.art-ea2ced087a574194830152422c180ae22024-03-27T13:17:10ZengMDPI AGAI2673-26882023-12-015111513510.3390/ai5010007A Flower Pollination Algorithm-Optimized Wavelet Transform and Deep CNN for Analyzing Binaural Beats and AnxietyDevika Rankhambe0Bharati Sanjay Ainapure1Bhargav Appasani2Amitkumar V. Jha3Department of Computer Engineering, Vishwakarma University, Pune 411046, IndiaDepartment of Computer Engineering, Vishwakarma University, Pune 411046, IndiaSchool of Electronics Engineering, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar 751024, IndiaSchool of Electronics Engineering, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar 751024, IndiaBinaural beats are a low-frequency form of acoustic stimulation that may be heard between 200 and 900 Hz and can help reduce anxiety as well as alter other psychological situations and states by affecting mood and cognitive function. However, prior research has only looked at the impact of binaural beats on state and trait anxiety using the STA-I scale; the level of anxiety has not yet been evaluated, and for the removal of artifacts the improper selection of wavelet parameters reduced the original signal energy. Hence, in this research, the level of anxiety when hearing binaural beats has been analyzed using a novel optimized wavelet transform in which optimized wavelet parameters are extracted from the EEG signal using the flower pollination algorithm, whereby artifacts are removed effectively from the EEG signal. Thus, EEG signals have five types of brainwaves in the existing models, which have not been analyzed optimally for brainwaves other than delta waves nor has the level of anxiety yet been analyzed using binaural beats. To overcome this, deep convolutional neural network (CNN)-based signal processing has been proposed. In this, deep features are extracted from optimized EEG signal parameters, which are precisely selected and adjusted to their most efficient values using the flower pollination algorithm, ensuring minimal signal energy reduction and artifact removal to maintain the integrity of the original EEG signal during analysis. These features provide the accurate classification of various levels of anxiety, which provides more accurate results for the effects of binaural beats on anxiety from brainwaves. Finally, the proposed model is implemented in the Python platform, and the obtained results demonstrate its efficacy. The proposed optimized wavelet transform using deep CNN-based signal processing outperforms existing techniques such as KNN, SVM, LDA, and Narrow-ANN, with a high accuracy of 0.99%, precision of 0.99%, recall of 0.99%, F1-score of 0.99%, specificity of 0.999%, and error rate of 0.01%. Thus, the optimized wavelet transform with a deep CNN can perform an effective decomposition of EEG data and extract deep features related to anxiety to analyze the effect of binaural beats on anxiety levels.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-2688/5/1/7binaural beatsEEG signalswavelet transformflower pollination optimization algorithmdeep convolutional neural network |
| spellingShingle | Devika Rankhambe Bharati Sanjay Ainapure Bhargav Appasani Amitkumar V. Jha A Flower Pollination Algorithm-Optimized Wavelet Transform and Deep CNN for Analyzing Binaural Beats and Anxiety AI binaural beats EEG signals wavelet transform flower pollination optimization algorithm deep convolutional neural network |
| title | A Flower Pollination Algorithm-Optimized Wavelet Transform and Deep CNN for Analyzing Binaural Beats and Anxiety |
| title_full | A Flower Pollination Algorithm-Optimized Wavelet Transform and Deep CNN for Analyzing Binaural Beats and Anxiety |
| title_fullStr | A Flower Pollination Algorithm-Optimized Wavelet Transform and Deep CNN for Analyzing Binaural Beats and Anxiety |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Flower Pollination Algorithm-Optimized Wavelet Transform and Deep CNN for Analyzing Binaural Beats and Anxiety |
| title_short | A Flower Pollination Algorithm-Optimized Wavelet Transform and Deep CNN for Analyzing Binaural Beats and Anxiety |
| title_sort | flower pollination algorithm optimized wavelet transform and deep cnn for analyzing binaural beats and anxiety |
| topic | binaural beats EEG signals wavelet transform flower pollination optimization algorithm deep convolutional neural network |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-2688/5/1/7 |
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