Evaluation of dry textile electrodes for long-term electrocardiographic monitoring
Abstract Background Continuous long-term electrocardiography monitoring has been increasingly recognized for early diagnosis and management of different types of cardiovascular diseases. To find an alternative to Ag/AgCl gel electrodes that are improper for this application scenario, many efforts ha...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2021-07-01
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| Series: | BioMedical Engineering OnLine |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12938-021-00905-4 |
| _version_ | 1818624296479621120 |
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| author | Milad Alizadeh-Meghrazi Binbin Ying Alessandra Schlums Emily Lam Ladan Eskandarian Farhana Abbas Gurjant Sidhu Amin Mahnam Bastien Moineau Milos R. Popovic |
| author_facet | Milad Alizadeh-Meghrazi Binbin Ying Alessandra Schlums Emily Lam Ladan Eskandarian Farhana Abbas Gurjant Sidhu Amin Mahnam Bastien Moineau Milos R. Popovic |
| author_sort | Milad Alizadeh-Meghrazi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Continuous long-term electrocardiography monitoring has been increasingly recognized for early diagnosis and management of different types of cardiovascular diseases. To find an alternative to Ag/AgCl gel electrodes that are improper for this application scenario, many efforts have been undertaken to develop novel flexible dry textile electrodes integrated into the everyday garments. With significant progresses made to address the potential issues (e.g., low signal-to-noise ratio, high skin–electrode impedance, motion artifact, and low durability), the lack of standard evaluation procedure hinders the further development of dry electrodes (mainly the design and optimization). Results A standard testing procedure and framework for skin–electrode impedance measurement is demonstrated for the development of novel dry textile electrodes. Different representative electrode materials have been screen-printed on textile substrates. To verify the performance of dry textile electrodes, impedance measurements are conducted on an agar skin model using a universal setup with consistent frequency and pressure. In addition, they are demonstrated for ECG signals acquisition, in comparison to those obtained using conventional gel electrodes. Conclusions Dry textile electrodes demonstrated similar impedance when in raised or flat structures. The tested pressure variations had an insignificant impact on electrode impedance. Looking at the effect of impedance on ECG signals, a noticeable effect on ECG signal performance metrics was not observed. Therefore, it is suggested that impedance alone is possibly not the primary indicator of signal quality. As well, the developed methods can also serve as useful guidelines for future textile dry-electrode design and testing for practical ECG monitoring applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T18:54:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ea39313639f8419cb08b2c815df82755 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1475-925X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T18:54:42Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BioMedical Engineering OnLine |
| spelling | doaj.art-ea39313639f8419cb08b2c815df827552022-12-21T22:20:35ZengBMCBioMedical Engineering OnLine1475-925X2021-07-0120112010.1186/s12938-021-00905-4Evaluation of dry textile electrodes for long-term electrocardiographic monitoringMilad Alizadeh-Meghrazi0Binbin Ying1Alessandra Schlums2Emily Lam3Ladan Eskandarian4Farhana Abbas5Gurjant Sidhu6Amin Mahnam7Bastien Moineau8Milos R. Popovic9KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network (UHN)Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill UniversityDepartment of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of WaterlooThe Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of TorontoDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of TorontoDepartment of Chemistry, University of TorontoDepartment of Nanotechnology Engineering, University of WaterlooMyant Inc.Myant Inc.KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network (UHN)Abstract Background Continuous long-term electrocardiography monitoring has been increasingly recognized for early diagnosis and management of different types of cardiovascular diseases. To find an alternative to Ag/AgCl gel electrodes that are improper for this application scenario, many efforts have been undertaken to develop novel flexible dry textile electrodes integrated into the everyday garments. With significant progresses made to address the potential issues (e.g., low signal-to-noise ratio, high skin–electrode impedance, motion artifact, and low durability), the lack of standard evaluation procedure hinders the further development of dry electrodes (mainly the design and optimization). Results A standard testing procedure and framework for skin–electrode impedance measurement is demonstrated for the development of novel dry textile electrodes. Different representative electrode materials have been screen-printed on textile substrates. To verify the performance of dry textile electrodes, impedance measurements are conducted on an agar skin model using a universal setup with consistent frequency and pressure. In addition, they are demonstrated for ECG signals acquisition, in comparison to those obtained using conventional gel electrodes. Conclusions Dry textile electrodes demonstrated similar impedance when in raised or flat structures. The tested pressure variations had an insignificant impact on electrode impedance. Looking at the effect of impedance on ECG signals, a noticeable effect on ECG signal performance metrics was not observed. Therefore, it is suggested that impedance alone is possibly not the primary indicator of signal quality. As well, the developed methods can also serve as useful guidelines for future textile dry-electrode design and testing for practical ECG monitoring applications.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12938-021-00905-4Dry textile electrodesElectrophysiological monitoringElectrocardiography (ECG)Textile computingLong-term biosignal monitoringRemote healthcare |
| spellingShingle | Milad Alizadeh-Meghrazi Binbin Ying Alessandra Schlums Emily Lam Ladan Eskandarian Farhana Abbas Gurjant Sidhu Amin Mahnam Bastien Moineau Milos R. Popovic Evaluation of dry textile electrodes for long-term electrocardiographic monitoring BioMedical Engineering OnLine Dry textile electrodes Electrophysiological monitoring Electrocardiography (ECG) Textile computing Long-term biosignal monitoring Remote healthcare |
| title | Evaluation of dry textile electrodes for long-term electrocardiographic monitoring |
| title_full | Evaluation of dry textile electrodes for long-term electrocardiographic monitoring |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of dry textile electrodes for long-term electrocardiographic monitoring |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of dry textile electrodes for long-term electrocardiographic monitoring |
| title_short | Evaluation of dry textile electrodes for long-term electrocardiographic monitoring |
| title_sort | evaluation of dry textile electrodes for long term electrocardiographic monitoring |
| topic | Dry textile electrodes Electrophysiological monitoring Electrocardiography (ECG) Textile computing Long-term biosignal monitoring Remote healthcare |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12938-021-00905-4 |
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