Frustration of Intent in the Wealth Transmission Process

<p>In recent decades, the so-called &ldquo;nonprobate revolution&rdquo; has taken hold in the United States. Where the probate court once controlled the distribution of property on death, an individual can now avoid the expense and delay of probate by using a variety of mechanisms, suc...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Melanie B. Leslie
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Oñati International Institute for the Sociology of Law 2014-04-01
Series:Oñati Socio-Legal Series
Subjects:
Online Access:http://ssrn.com/abstract=2431084
_version_ 1811302155016994816
author Melanie B. Leslie
author_facet Melanie B. Leslie
author_sort Melanie B. Leslie
collection DOAJ
description <p>In recent decades, the so-called &ldquo;nonprobate revolution&rdquo; has taken hold in the United States. Where the probate court once controlled the distribution of property on death, an individual can now avoid the expense and delay of probate by using a variety of mechanisms, such as revocable living trusts and &ldquo;payable on death&rdquo; designations attached to savings and retirement accounts. Although the nonprobate system often works well, it has generated unanticipated costs that U.S. law has yet to satisfactorily address. When people experience changes in life circumstances &ndash; such as marriage, divorce or death of a beneficiary -- but fail to take adequate steps to modify their nonprobate designations, the law does not enable courts to effectuate a deceased&rsquo;s probable intent. Unlike wills law, which prioritizes intent effectuation over other concerns, current legal rules governing nonprobate accounts and mechanisms value efficiency and institutional convenience. In addition, the ease and relative secrecy with which non-probate assets are executed can make it much easier for an overreaching friend or relative to take advantage of an elderly person who lacks capacity or to exercise undue influence. As a result of these problems, estates are increasingly being distributed in ways that frustrate the intent of the deceased.</p> <hr /><p>En las &uacute;ltimas d&eacute;cadas, la llamada "revoluci&oacute;n no testamentaria " se ha afianzado en los Estados Unidos. Anteriormente, los juzgados testamentarios controlaban la distribuci&oacute;n de las propiedades tras el fallecimiento de un individuo. Hoy en d&iacute;a, por el contrario, un individuo puede evitar el gasto y la demora de los testamentos, utilizando diversos mecanismos, como fideicomisos revocables en vida, o designaciones &ldquo;pagaderas tras la muerte&rdquo; asociados a cuentas de ahorro y pensiones. Aunque generalmente el sistema no testamentario funciona bien, ha generado costos imprevistos que la legislaci&oacute;n de EE.UU. todav&iacute;a debe abordar de manera satisfactoria. Cuando las personas experimentan cambios en su vida, como el matrimonio, el divorcio o la muerte de un heredero, si no toman las medidas adecuadas para modificar sus designaciones no testamentarias, la ley no permite a los tribunales hacer efectiva la posible &uacute;ltima voluntad del difunto. A diferencia de la legislaci&oacute;n testamentaria, que prioriza sobre otros asuntos que se ejecute la intenci&oacute;n del fallecido, la normativa legal vigente que rige las cuentas y mecanismos no testamentarios, valoran la eficiencia y conveniencia institucional. Adem&aacute;s, la facilidad y relativo secretismo con que se ejecutan los activos no testamentarios pueden hacer que sea mucho m&aacute;s f&aacute;cil que un amigo o un pariente se extralimite para aprovecharse de una persona mayor que no est&aacute; en plenas facultades, o ejerza una influencia indebida. Como resultado de estos problemas, cada vez m&aacute;s los bienes se distribuyen de manera no se respetan las intenciones del fallecido.
first_indexed 2024-04-13T07:21:52Z
format Article
id doaj.art-ea4115c56461412a8a85a651167bea75
institution Directory Open Access Journal
issn 2079-5971
language English
last_indexed 2024-04-13T07:21:52Z
publishDate 2014-04-01
publisher Oñati International Institute for the Sociology of Law
record_format Article
series Oñati Socio-Legal Series
spelling doaj.art-ea4115c56461412a8a85a651167bea752022-12-22T02:56:35ZengOñati International Institute for the Sociology of LawOñati Socio-Legal Series2079-59712014-04-0142283305299Frustration of Intent in the Wealth Transmission ProcessMelanie B. Leslie0Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, Yeshiva University<p>In recent decades, the so-called &ldquo;nonprobate revolution&rdquo; has taken hold in the United States. Where the probate court once controlled the distribution of property on death, an individual can now avoid the expense and delay of probate by using a variety of mechanisms, such as revocable living trusts and &ldquo;payable on death&rdquo; designations attached to savings and retirement accounts. Although the nonprobate system often works well, it has generated unanticipated costs that U.S. law has yet to satisfactorily address. When people experience changes in life circumstances &ndash; such as marriage, divorce or death of a beneficiary -- but fail to take adequate steps to modify their nonprobate designations, the law does not enable courts to effectuate a deceased&rsquo;s probable intent. Unlike wills law, which prioritizes intent effectuation over other concerns, current legal rules governing nonprobate accounts and mechanisms value efficiency and institutional convenience. In addition, the ease and relative secrecy with which non-probate assets are executed can make it much easier for an overreaching friend or relative to take advantage of an elderly person who lacks capacity or to exercise undue influence. As a result of these problems, estates are increasingly being distributed in ways that frustrate the intent of the deceased.</p> <hr /><p>En las &uacute;ltimas d&eacute;cadas, la llamada "revoluci&oacute;n no testamentaria " se ha afianzado en los Estados Unidos. Anteriormente, los juzgados testamentarios controlaban la distribuci&oacute;n de las propiedades tras el fallecimiento de un individuo. Hoy en d&iacute;a, por el contrario, un individuo puede evitar el gasto y la demora de los testamentos, utilizando diversos mecanismos, como fideicomisos revocables en vida, o designaciones &ldquo;pagaderas tras la muerte&rdquo; asociados a cuentas de ahorro y pensiones. Aunque generalmente el sistema no testamentario funciona bien, ha generado costos imprevistos que la legislaci&oacute;n de EE.UU. todav&iacute;a debe abordar de manera satisfactoria. Cuando las personas experimentan cambios en su vida, como el matrimonio, el divorcio o la muerte de un heredero, si no toman las medidas adecuadas para modificar sus designaciones no testamentarias, la ley no permite a los tribunales hacer efectiva la posible &uacute;ltima voluntad del difunto. A diferencia de la legislaci&oacute;n testamentaria, que prioriza sobre otros asuntos que se ejecute la intenci&oacute;n del fallecido, la normativa legal vigente que rige las cuentas y mecanismos no testamentarios, valoran la eficiencia y conveniencia institucional. Adem&aacute;s, la facilidad y relativo secretismo con que se ejecutan los activos no testamentarios pueden hacer que sea mucho m&aacute;s f&aacute;cil que un amigo o un pariente se extralimite para aprovecharse de una persona mayor que no est&aacute; en plenas facultades, o ejerza una influencia indebida. Como resultado de estos problemas, cada vez m&aacute;s los bienes se distribuyen de manera no se respetan las intenciones del fallecido.http://ssrn.com/abstract=2431084Willsnonprobateprobaterevocable trustsretirement accountsbeneficiary designationstestamentary intentTestamentosno-testamentariotestamentariofideicomisos revocablescuentas de pensionesdesignación de herederosintención testamentari
spellingShingle Melanie B. Leslie
Frustration of Intent in the Wealth Transmission Process
Oñati Socio-Legal Series
Wills
nonprobate
probate
revocable trusts
retirement accounts
beneficiary designations
testamentary intent
Testamentos
no-testamentario
testamentario
fideicomisos revocables
cuentas de pensiones
designación de herederos
intención testamentari
title Frustration of Intent in the Wealth Transmission Process
title_full Frustration of Intent in the Wealth Transmission Process
title_fullStr Frustration of Intent in the Wealth Transmission Process
title_full_unstemmed Frustration of Intent in the Wealth Transmission Process
title_short Frustration of Intent in the Wealth Transmission Process
title_sort frustration of intent in the wealth transmission process
topic Wills
nonprobate
probate
revocable trusts
retirement accounts
beneficiary designations
testamentary intent
Testamentos
no-testamentario
testamentario
fideicomisos revocables
cuentas de pensiones
designación de herederos
intención testamentari
url http://ssrn.com/abstract=2431084
work_keys_str_mv AT melaniebleslie frustrationofintentinthewealthtransmissionprocess