Cardiac Cachexia: Unaddressed Aspect in Cancer Patients
Tumor-derived cachectic factors such as proinflammatory cytokines and neuromodulators not only affect skeletal muscle but also affect other organs, including the heart, in the form of cardiac muscle atrophy, fibrosis, and eventual cardiac dysfunction, resulting in poor quality of life and reduced su...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/6/990 |
| _version_ | 1797472414175592448 |
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| author | Sarama Saha Praveen Kumar Singh Partha Roy Sham S. Kakar |
| author_facet | Sarama Saha Praveen Kumar Singh Partha Roy Sham S. Kakar |
| author_sort | Sarama Saha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tumor-derived cachectic factors such as proinflammatory cytokines and neuromodulators not only affect skeletal muscle but also affect other organs, including the heart, in the form of cardiac muscle atrophy, fibrosis, and eventual cardiac dysfunction, resulting in poor quality of life and reduced survival. This article reviews the holistic approaches of existing diagnostic, pathophysiological, and multimodal therapeutic interventions targeting the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for cancer-induced cardiac cachexia. The major drivers of cardiac muscle wasting in cancer patients are autophagy activation by the cytokine-NFkB, TGF β-SMAD<sup>3</sup>, and angiotensin II-SOCE-STIM-Ca<sup>2+</sup> pathways. A lack of diagnostic markers and standard treatment protocols hinder the early diagnosis of cardiac dysfunction and the initiation of preventive measures. However, some novel therapeutic strategies, including the use of Withaferin A, have shown promising results in experimental models, but Withaferin A’s effectiveness in human remains to be verified. The combined efforts of cardiologists and oncologists would help to identify cost effective and feasible solutions to restore cardiac function and to increase the survival potential of cancer patients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:01:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ea41427513ed4f179d4e4bd477ad8df8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:01:26Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-ea41427513ed4f179d4e4bd477ad8df82023-11-24T00:44:18ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092022-03-0111699010.3390/cells11060990Cardiac Cachexia: Unaddressed Aspect in Cancer PatientsSarama Saha0Praveen Kumar Singh1Partha Roy2Sham S. Kakar3Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, IndiaDepartment of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, IndiaDepartment of Physiology and Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USATumor-derived cachectic factors such as proinflammatory cytokines and neuromodulators not only affect skeletal muscle but also affect other organs, including the heart, in the form of cardiac muscle atrophy, fibrosis, and eventual cardiac dysfunction, resulting in poor quality of life and reduced survival. This article reviews the holistic approaches of existing diagnostic, pathophysiological, and multimodal therapeutic interventions targeting the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for cancer-induced cardiac cachexia. The major drivers of cardiac muscle wasting in cancer patients are autophagy activation by the cytokine-NFkB, TGF β-SMAD<sup>3</sup>, and angiotensin II-SOCE-STIM-Ca<sup>2+</sup> pathways. A lack of diagnostic markers and standard treatment protocols hinder the early diagnosis of cardiac dysfunction and the initiation of preventive measures. However, some novel therapeutic strategies, including the use of Withaferin A, have shown promising results in experimental models, but Withaferin A’s effectiveness in human remains to be verified. The combined efforts of cardiologists and oncologists would help to identify cost effective and feasible solutions to restore cardiac function and to increase the survival potential of cancer patients.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/6/990cardiac cachexiacancerangiotensin IIchemotherapyautophagyproinflammatory cytokines |
| spellingShingle | Sarama Saha Praveen Kumar Singh Partha Roy Sham S. Kakar Cardiac Cachexia: Unaddressed Aspect in Cancer Patients Cells cardiac cachexia cancer angiotensin II chemotherapy autophagy proinflammatory cytokines |
| title | Cardiac Cachexia: Unaddressed Aspect in Cancer Patients |
| title_full | Cardiac Cachexia: Unaddressed Aspect in Cancer Patients |
| title_fullStr | Cardiac Cachexia: Unaddressed Aspect in Cancer Patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cardiac Cachexia: Unaddressed Aspect in Cancer Patients |
| title_short | Cardiac Cachexia: Unaddressed Aspect in Cancer Patients |
| title_sort | cardiac cachexia unaddressed aspect in cancer patients |
| topic | cardiac cachexia cancer angiotensin II chemotherapy autophagy proinflammatory cytokines |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/6/990 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT saramasaha cardiaccachexiaunaddressedaspectincancerpatients AT praveenkumarsingh cardiaccachexiaunaddressedaspectincancerpatients AT partharoy cardiaccachexiaunaddressedaspectincancerpatients AT shamskakar cardiaccachexiaunaddressedaspectincancerpatients |