Removal of Chromium (III) and Reduction in Toxicity in a Primary Tannery Effluent Using Two Floating Macrophytes
Trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) is a contaminant with toxic activity. Its presence in waters and soils is usually related to industrial activities such as tanneries. The aim of this study was to compare the removal of Cr(III) in hydroponic solutions and tannery effluents using two floating macrophytes:...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/2/152 |
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| author | Tomás R. López Arias Deidamia Franco Leonida Medina César Benítez Verónica Villagra Shaun McGahan Giselle Mariza Duré Hajime G. Kurita-Oyamada |
| author_facet | Tomás R. López Arias Deidamia Franco Leonida Medina César Benítez Verónica Villagra Shaun McGahan Giselle Mariza Duré Hajime G. Kurita-Oyamada |
| author_sort | Tomás R. López Arias |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) is a contaminant with toxic activity. Its presence in waters and soils is usually related to industrial activities such as tanneries. The aim of this study was to compare the removal of Cr(III) in hydroponic solutions and tannery effluents using two floating macrophytes: <i>Salvinia auriculata</i> and <i>Eichhornia crassipes</i>. First, to determine the chromium removal capacity in solution and the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) in tissues of each plant, experiments were set up with contaminated solutions with Cr(III) concentrations of 2, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/L. Subsequently, both plant species were exposed to a primary tannery effluent contaminated with 12 mg/L of Cr(III) in order to study the removal capacity of organic and inorganic matter, as well as the acute toxicity in the water flea (<i>Daphnia magna</i>) and genotoxicity in zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>). Tests carried out on nutrient solutions revealed that both plants have a high capacity for removing Cr(III) in solution. The BAF in tissues was higher in <i>E. crassipes</i> compared to <i>S. auriculata</i>. In the experiments with a tannery effluent, both species presented low nutrient and organic matter removal efficiency, but they showed good Cr(III) removal capacity, with average reduction values of 57% for <i>S. auriculata</i> and 54% for <i>E. crassipes</i> after 72 h of exposure. <i>E. crassipes</i> contributed most to the reduction in acute toxicity in <i>D. magna</i>, while <i>S. auriculata</i> did not show a similar effect. However, both plant species managed to reduce the genotoxicity marker in <i>D. rerio</i> when compared with the initial effluent and the control. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:12:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ea481f4db8614bd2891b6597aff60e1f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:12:33Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-ea481f4db8614bd2891b6597aff60e1f2024-02-23T15:36:27ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042024-02-0112215210.3390/toxics12020152Removal of Chromium (III) and Reduction in Toxicity in a Primary Tannery Effluent Using Two Floating MacrophytesTomás R. López Arias0Deidamia Franco1Leonida Medina2César Benítez3Verónica Villagra4Shaun McGahan5Giselle Mariza Duré6Hajime G. Kurita-Oyamada7Grupo de Investigación en Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo 1039-1804, ParaguayGrupo de Investigación en Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo 1039-1804, ParaguayInstituto Nacional de Tecnología, Normalización y Metrología (INTN), Asunción 1518, ParaguayGrupo de Investigación en Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo 1039-1804, ParaguayCentral Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Asunción 1429, ParaguayGrupo de Investigación en Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo 1039-1804, ParaguayGrupo de Investigación en Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo 1039-1804, ParaguayGrupo de Investigación en Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo 1039-1804, ParaguayTrivalent chromium (Cr(III)) is a contaminant with toxic activity. Its presence in waters and soils is usually related to industrial activities such as tanneries. The aim of this study was to compare the removal of Cr(III) in hydroponic solutions and tannery effluents using two floating macrophytes: <i>Salvinia auriculata</i> and <i>Eichhornia crassipes</i>. First, to determine the chromium removal capacity in solution and the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) in tissues of each plant, experiments were set up with contaminated solutions with Cr(III) concentrations of 2, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/L. Subsequently, both plant species were exposed to a primary tannery effluent contaminated with 12 mg/L of Cr(III) in order to study the removal capacity of organic and inorganic matter, as well as the acute toxicity in the water flea (<i>Daphnia magna</i>) and genotoxicity in zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>). Tests carried out on nutrient solutions revealed that both plants have a high capacity for removing Cr(III) in solution. The BAF in tissues was higher in <i>E. crassipes</i> compared to <i>S. auriculata</i>. In the experiments with a tannery effluent, both species presented low nutrient and organic matter removal efficiency, but they showed good Cr(III) removal capacity, with average reduction values of 57% for <i>S. auriculata</i> and 54% for <i>E. crassipes</i> after 72 h of exposure. <i>E. crassipes</i> contributed most to the reduction in acute toxicity in <i>D. magna</i>, while <i>S. auriculata</i> did not show a similar effect. However, both plant species managed to reduce the genotoxicity marker in <i>D. rerio</i> when compared with the initial effluent and the control.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/2/152tannery wastewaterchromium<i>Eichhornia crassipes</i><i>Salvinia auriculata</i>bioremediationtoxicity |
| spellingShingle | Tomás R. López Arias Deidamia Franco Leonida Medina César Benítez Verónica Villagra Shaun McGahan Giselle Mariza Duré Hajime G. Kurita-Oyamada Removal of Chromium (III) and Reduction in Toxicity in a Primary Tannery Effluent Using Two Floating Macrophytes Toxics tannery wastewater chromium <i>Eichhornia crassipes</i> <i>Salvinia auriculata</i> bioremediation toxicity |
| title | Removal of Chromium (III) and Reduction in Toxicity in a Primary Tannery Effluent Using Two Floating Macrophytes |
| title_full | Removal of Chromium (III) and Reduction in Toxicity in a Primary Tannery Effluent Using Two Floating Macrophytes |
| title_fullStr | Removal of Chromium (III) and Reduction in Toxicity in a Primary Tannery Effluent Using Two Floating Macrophytes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Removal of Chromium (III) and Reduction in Toxicity in a Primary Tannery Effluent Using Two Floating Macrophytes |
| title_short | Removal of Chromium (III) and Reduction in Toxicity in a Primary Tannery Effluent Using Two Floating Macrophytes |
| title_sort | removal of chromium iii and reduction in toxicity in a primary tannery effluent using two floating macrophytes |
| topic | tannery wastewater chromium <i>Eichhornia crassipes</i> <i>Salvinia auriculata</i> bioremediation toxicity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/2/152 |
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