AC/DC: The FERMI FEL Split and Delay Optical Device for Ultrafast X-ray Science
Free-electron lasers (FELs) are the most advanced class of light-sources, by virtue of their unique capability to lase high-brightness pulses characterized by wavelengths spanning the extreme-ultraviolet, the soft and hard X-ray spectral domains, as well as by temporal lengths lying in the femtoseco...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Photonics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/9/5/314 |
| _version_ | 1827667182509621248 |
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| author | Alberto Simoncig Michele Manfredda Giulio Gaio Nicola Mahne Lorenzo Raimondi Claudio Fava Simone Gerusina Riccardo Gobessi Alessandro Abrami Flavio Capotondi Dario De Angelis Ralf Hendrik Menk Matteo Pancaldi Emanuele Pedersoli Marco Zangrando |
| author_facet | Alberto Simoncig Michele Manfredda Giulio Gaio Nicola Mahne Lorenzo Raimondi Claudio Fava Simone Gerusina Riccardo Gobessi Alessandro Abrami Flavio Capotondi Dario De Angelis Ralf Hendrik Menk Matteo Pancaldi Emanuele Pedersoli Marco Zangrando |
| author_sort | Alberto Simoncig |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Free-electron lasers (FELs) are the most advanced class of light-sources, by virtue of their unique capability to lase high-brightness pulses characterized by wavelengths spanning the extreme-ultraviolet, the soft and hard X-ray spectral domains, as well as by temporal lengths lying in the femtosecond (fs) timescale. The next step to push the current standards in ultrafast X-ray science is strongly linked to the possibility of engineering and exploiting time-resolved experiments exclusively for FELs pulses, ideally having different colors tunable at specific electronic resonance of the chemical elements. At the seeded FERMI FEL (Trieste, Italy) this goal is committed to the optical device known as AC/DC, which stands for the auto correlator/delay creator. AC/DC is designed to double the incoming FEL pulse splitting the photon beam by inserting a grazing incidence flat mirror, thus preserving the spectral and temporal properties, and further delaying one of these two pulses in time. It can independently tune the FEL pulses fluence on the two optical paths by means of solid-state filters, too. Here, we present a detailed description about this optical device. Strong emphasis is dedicated to the AC/DC opto-mechanical design and to the laser-based feedback systems implemented to compensate for any mismatch affecting the FEL optical trajectory, ascribable to both mechanical imperfections and paraxial errors rising during a temporal delay scan. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:05:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ea52f03751ee472a90a5f9e96fca3e6d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-6732 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:05:10Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Photonics |
| spelling | doaj.art-ea52f03751ee472a90a5f9e96fca3e6d2023-11-23T12:40:35ZengMDPI AGPhotonics2304-67322022-05-019531410.3390/photonics9050314AC/DC: The FERMI FEL Split and Delay Optical Device for Ultrafast X-ray ScienceAlberto Simoncig0Michele Manfredda1Giulio Gaio2Nicola Mahne3Lorenzo Raimondi4Claudio Fava5Simone Gerusina6Riccardo Gobessi7Alessandro Abrami8Flavio Capotondi9Dario De Angelis10Ralf Hendrik Menk11Matteo Pancaldi12Emanuele Pedersoli13Marco Zangrando14Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Area Science Park, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, ItalyElettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Area Science Park, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, ItalyElettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Area Science Park, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, ItalyIstituto Officina dei Materiali, CNR, Area Science Park, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, ItalyElettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Area Science Park, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, ItalyElettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Area Science Park, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, ItalyElettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Area Science Park, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, ItalyElettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Area Science Park, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, ItalyElettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Area Science Park, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, ItalyElettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Area Science Park, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, ItalyElettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Area Science Park, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, ItalyElettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Area Science Park, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, ItalyElettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Area Science Park, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, ItalyElettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Area Science Park, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, ItalyElettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Area Science Park, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, ItalyFree-electron lasers (FELs) are the most advanced class of light-sources, by virtue of their unique capability to lase high-brightness pulses characterized by wavelengths spanning the extreme-ultraviolet, the soft and hard X-ray spectral domains, as well as by temporal lengths lying in the femtosecond (fs) timescale. The next step to push the current standards in ultrafast X-ray science is strongly linked to the possibility of engineering and exploiting time-resolved experiments exclusively for FELs pulses, ideally having different colors tunable at specific electronic resonance of the chemical elements. At the seeded FERMI FEL (Trieste, Italy) this goal is committed to the optical device known as AC/DC, which stands for the auto correlator/delay creator. AC/DC is designed to double the incoming FEL pulse splitting the photon beam by inserting a grazing incidence flat mirror, thus preserving the spectral and temporal properties, and further delaying one of these two pulses in time. It can independently tune the FEL pulses fluence on the two optical paths by means of solid-state filters, too. Here, we present a detailed description about this optical device. Strong emphasis is dedicated to the AC/DC opto-mechanical design and to the laser-based feedback systems implemented to compensate for any mismatch affecting the FEL optical trajectory, ascribable to both mechanical imperfections and paraxial errors rising during a temporal delay scan.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/9/5/314free-electron lasersultrafast X-ray pulsescross-correlated X-ray experimentsplit and delay optical devices: non-linear opticsphysical opticsoptical feedback |
| spellingShingle | Alberto Simoncig Michele Manfredda Giulio Gaio Nicola Mahne Lorenzo Raimondi Claudio Fava Simone Gerusina Riccardo Gobessi Alessandro Abrami Flavio Capotondi Dario De Angelis Ralf Hendrik Menk Matteo Pancaldi Emanuele Pedersoli Marco Zangrando AC/DC: The FERMI FEL Split and Delay Optical Device for Ultrafast X-ray Science Photonics free-electron lasers ultrafast X-ray pulses cross-correlated X-ray experiment split and delay optical devices: non-linear optics physical optics optical feedback |
| title | AC/DC: The FERMI FEL Split and Delay Optical Device for Ultrafast X-ray Science |
| title_full | AC/DC: The FERMI FEL Split and Delay Optical Device for Ultrafast X-ray Science |
| title_fullStr | AC/DC: The FERMI FEL Split and Delay Optical Device for Ultrafast X-ray Science |
| title_full_unstemmed | AC/DC: The FERMI FEL Split and Delay Optical Device for Ultrafast X-ray Science |
| title_short | AC/DC: The FERMI FEL Split and Delay Optical Device for Ultrafast X-ray Science |
| title_sort | ac dc the fermi fel split and delay optical device for ultrafast x ray science |
| topic | free-electron lasers ultrafast X-ray pulses cross-correlated X-ray experiment split and delay optical devices: non-linear optics physical optics optical feedback |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/9/5/314 |
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