Epidemiology and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage among influenza-like illness cases in metropolitan Vientiane, Lao PDR: a community-based cohort study
BackgroundData on the epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae among influenza-like illness (ILI) cases, particularly in low- and middle-income countries are scarce. This study assessed the prevalence, risk factors and serotype distribution of S. pneumoniae carriage among ILI cases in metropolitan V...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1124016/full |
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| author | Valentina Sanchez Picot Inthalaphone Keovichith Phimpha Paboriboune Bruno Flaissier Mitra Saadatian-Elahi Mitra Saadatian-Elahi James W. Rudge James W. Rudge |
| author_facet | Valentina Sanchez Picot Inthalaphone Keovichith Phimpha Paboriboune Bruno Flaissier Mitra Saadatian-Elahi Mitra Saadatian-Elahi James W. Rudge James W. Rudge |
| author_sort | Valentina Sanchez Picot |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundData on the epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae among influenza-like illness (ILI) cases, particularly in low- and middle-income countries are scarce. This study assessed the prevalence, risk factors and serotype distribution of S. pneumoniae carriage among ILI cases in metropolitan Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic. The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was introduced among infants in October 2013.MethodsActive ILI surveillance was conducted through weekly phone calls in an open community-based cohort study (April 2015–February 2019), involving 5,690 participants from 1,142 randomly selected households. Participants reporting ILI symptoms provided a nasopharyngeal swab and answered a questionnaire. S. pneumoniae and serotype pneumococcal-positive samples were screened by Multiplex PCR assays. Chi-squared tests and generalized linear mixed models were used to test for variables associated with pneumococcal positivity.ResultsAmong 1,621 ILI episodes, 269 (16.6%) tested positive for nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage, with the highest prevalence (55.4%) in children under 5 years. Pneumococcal carriage was significantly associated with concurrent detection of Hemophilus influenzae (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 6.93; 95% CI: 2.10–22.9) and exposure to household cigarette smoke (aOR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.07–2.54). PCV13 serotypes accounted for 37.8% of all pneumococcal isolates. Detection of PCV13 serotypes among ILI cases aged under 5 years declined significantly between 2015/16 and 2018/19.ConclusionsCommunity-based surveillance of S. pneumoniae among ILI cases complement surveillance at healthcare facilities to provide a more complete picture of pneumococcal carriage. Our findings contribute also to the growing body of evidence on the effects of PCV13 introduction on circulating serotypes and their potential replacement. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T17:10:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ea543d49ccc0475ebda91eaee8827313 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T17:10:47Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-ea543d49ccc0475ebda91eaee88273132023-04-20T06:00:59ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652023-04-011110.3389/fpubh.2023.11240161124016Epidemiology and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage among influenza-like illness cases in metropolitan Vientiane, Lao PDR: a community-based cohort studyValentina Sanchez Picot0Inthalaphone Keovichith1Phimpha Paboriboune2Bruno Flaissier3Mitra Saadatian-Elahi4Mitra Saadatian-Elahi5James W. Rudge6James W. Rudge7Fondation Mérieux, Lyon, FranceCenter of Infectiology Christophe Mérieux of Laos, Vientiane, LaosCenter of Infectiology Christophe Mérieux of Laos, Vientiane, LaosFondation Mérieux, Vientiane, LaosService Hygiène, Epidémiologie et Prévention, Centre Hospitalier Hôpital Eduard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, FranceCIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Public Health, Epidemiology and Evolutionary Ecology of Infectious Diseases (PHE3ID), University Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, FranceCommunicable Diseases Policy Research Group, Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United KingdomFaculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, ThailandBackgroundData on the epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae among influenza-like illness (ILI) cases, particularly in low- and middle-income countries are scarce. This study assessed the prevalence, risk factors and serotype distribution of S. pneumoniae carriage among ILI cases in metropolitan Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic. The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was introduced among infants in October 2013.MethodsActive ILI surveillance was conducted through weekly phone calls in an open community-based cohort study (April 2015–February 2019), involving 5,690 participants from 1,142 randomly selected households. Participants reporting ILI symptoms provided a nasopharyngeal swab and answered a questionnaire. S. pneumoniae and serotype pneumococcal-positive samples were screened by Multiplex PCR assays. Chi-squared tests and generalized linear mixed models were used to test for variables associated with pneumococcal positivity.ResultsAmong 1,621 ILI episodes, 269 (16.6%) tested positive for nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage, with the highest prevalence (55.4%) in children under 5 years. Pneumococcal carriage was significantly associated with concurrent detection of Hemophilus influenzae (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 6.93; 95% CI: 2.10–22.9) and exposure to household cigarette smoke (aOR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.07–2.54). PCV13 serotypes accounted for 37.8% of all pneumococcal isolates. Detection of PCV13 serotypes among ILI cases aged under 5 years declined significantly between 2015/16 and 2018/19.ConclusionsCommunity-based surveillance of S. pneumoniae among ILI cases complement surveillance at healthcare facilities to provide a more complete picture of pneumococcal carriage. Our findings contribute also to the growing body of evidence on the effects of PCV13 introduction on circulating serotypes and their potential replacement.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1124016/fullStreptococcus pneumoniaeLao PDRinfluenza-like illnesscohort studysurveillancepneumococcal vaccine |
| spellingShingle | Valentina Sanchez Picot Inthalaphone Keovichith Phimpha Paboriboune Bruno Flaissier Mitra Saadatian-Elahi Mitra Saadatian-Elahi James W. Rudge James W. Rudge Epidemiology and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage among influenza-like illness cases in metropolitan Vientiane, Lao PDR: a community-based cohort study Frontiers in Public Health Streptococcus pneumoniae Lao PDR influenza-like illness cohort study surveillance pneumococcal vaccine |
| title | Epidemiology and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage among influenza-like illness cases in metropolitan Vientiane, Lao PDR: a community-based cohort study |
| title_full | Epidemiology and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage among influenza-like illness cases in metropolitan Vientiane, Lao PDR: a community-based cohort study |
| title_fullStr | Epidemiology and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage among influenza-like illness cases in metropolitan Vientiane, Lao PDR: a community-based cohort study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epidemiology and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage among influenza-like illness cases in metropolitan Vientiane, Lao PDR: a community-based cohort study |
| title_short | Epidemiology and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage among influenza-like illness cases in metropolitan Vientiane, Lao PDR: a community-based cohort study |
| title_sort | epidemiology and serotype distribution of streptococcus pneumoniae carriage among influenza like illness cases in metropolitan vientiane lao pdr a community based cohort study |
| topic | Streptococcus pneumoniae Lao PDR influenza-like illness cohort study surveillance pneumococcal vaccine |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1124016/full |
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