Increased Density of Growth Differentiation Factor-15+ Immunoreactive M1/M2 Macrophages in Prostate Cancer of Different Gleason Scores Compared with Benign Prostate Hyperplasia

Increased Density of Growth Differentiation Factor-15+ Immunoreactive M1/M2 Macrophages in Prostate Cancer of Different Gleason Scores Compared with Benign Prostate Hyperplasia

Although growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is highly expressed in PCa, its role in the development and progression of PCa is unclear. The present study aims to determine the density of GDF-15+ cells and immune cells (M1-/M2 macrophages [MΦ], lymphocytes) in PCa of different Gleason scores (G...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Gabriel A. Bonaterra, Alexander Schleper, Maximilian Skowronek, Lucia S. Kilian, Theresa Rink, Hans Schwarzbach, Hendrik Heers, Jörg Hänze, Peter Rexin, Annette Ramaswamy, Carsten Denkert, Beate Wilhelm, Axel Hegele, Rainer Hofmann, Eberhard Weihe, Ralf Kinscherf
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2022-09-01
Series:Cancers
Subjects:
benign prostatic hyperplasia
biomarker
GDF-15
Gleason scores
innervation
lymphocytes
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/19/4591

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