Myocardial Mitochondrial DNA Drives Macrophage Inflammatory Response through STING Signaling in Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Viral Myocarditis
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), a single-stranded positive RNA virus, primarily infects cardiac myocytes and is a major causative pathogen for viral myocarditis (VMC), driving cardiac inflammation and organ dysfunction. However, whether and how myocardial damage is involved in CVB3-induced VMC remains unc...
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/21/2555 |
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| author | Andong Qin Zhenke Wen Sidong Xiong |
| author_facet | Andong Qin Zhenke Wen Sidong Xiong |
| author_sort | Andong Qin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), a single-stranded positive RNA virus, primarily infects cardiac myocytes and is a major causative pathogen for viral myocarditis (VMC), driving cardiac inflammation and organ dysfunction. However, whether and how myocardial damage is involved in CVB3-induced VMC remains unclear. Herein, we demonstrate that the CVB3 infection of cardiac myocytes results in the release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which functions as an important driver of cardiac macrophage inflammation through the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) dependent mechanism. More specifically, the CVB3 infection of cardiac myocytes promotes the accumulation of extracellular mtDNA. Such myocardial mtDNA is indispensable for CVB3-infected myocytes in that it induces a macrophage inflammatory response. Mechanistically, a CVB3 infection upregulates the expression of the classical DNA sensor STING, which is predominantly localized within cardiac macrophages in VMC murine models. Myocardial mtDNA efficiently triggers STING signaling in those macrophages, resulting in strong NF-kB activation when inducing the inflammatory response. Accordingly, <i>STING</i>-deficient mice are able to resist CVB3-induced cardiac inflammation, exhibiting minimal inflammation with regard to their functional cardiac capacities, and they exhibit higher survival rates. Moreover, our findings pinpoint myocardial mtDNA as a central element driving the cardiac inflammation of CVB3-induced VMC, and we consider the DNA sensor, STING, to be a promising therapeutic target for protecting against RNA viral infections. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:33:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ea57aba156a94ae4bd2b5b927af09760 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:33:07Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-ea57aba156a94ae4bd2b5b927af097602023-11-10T15:00:45ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092023-10-011221255510.3390/cells12212555Myocardial Mitochondrial DNA Drives Macrophage Inflammatory Response through STING Signaling in Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Viral MyocarditisAndong Qin0Zhenke Wen1Sidong Xiong2Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, ChinaCoxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), a single-stranded positive RNA virus, primarily infects cardiac myocytes and is a major causative pathogen for viral myocarditis (VMC), driving cardiac inflammation and organ dysfunction. However, whether and how myocardial damage is involved in CVB3-induced VMC remains unclear. Herein, we demonstrate that the CVB3 infection of cardiac myocytes results in the release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which functions as an important driver of cardiac macrophage inflammation through the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) dependent mechanism. More specifically, the CVB3 infection of cardiac myocytes promotes the accumulation of extracellular mtDNA. Such myocardial mtDNA is indispensable for CVB3-infected myocytes in that it induces a macrophage inflammatory response. Mechanistically, a CVB3 infection upregulates the expression of the classical DNA sensor STING, which is predominantly localized within cardiac macrophages in VMC murine models. Myocardial mtDNA efficiently triggers STING signaling in those macrophages, resulting in strong NF-kB activation when inducing the inflammatory response. Accordingly, <i>STING</i>-deficient mice are able to resist CVB3-induced cardiac inflammation, exhibiting minimal inflammation with regard to their functional cardiac capacities, and they exhibit higher survival rates. Moreover, our findings pinpoint myocardial mtDNA as a central element driving the cardiac inflammation of CVB3-induced VMC, and we consider the DNA sensor, STING, to be a promising therapeutic target for protecting against RNA viral infections.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/21/2555CVB3VMCmtDNASTINGmacrophage inflammatory response |
| spellingShingle | Andong Qin Zhenke Wen Sidong Xiong Myocardial Mitochondrial DNA Drives Macrophage Inflammatory Response through STING Signaling in Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Viral Myocarditis Cells CVB3 VMC mtDNA STING macrophage inflammatory response |
| title | Myocardial Mitochondrial DNA Drives Macrophage Inflammatory Response through STING Signaling in Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Viral Myocarditis |
| title_full | Myocardial Mitochondrial DNA Drives Macrophage Inflammatory Response through STING Signaling in Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Viral Myocarditis |
| title_fullStr | Myocardial Mitochondrial DNA Drives Macrophage Inflammatory Response through STING Signaling in Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Viral Myocarditis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Myocardial Mitochondrial DNA Drives Macrophage Inflammatory Response through STING Signaling in Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Viral Myocarditis |
| title_short | Myocardial Mitochondrial DNA Drives Macrophage Inflammatory Response through STING Signaling in Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Viral Myocarditis |
| title_sort | myocardial mitochondrial dna drives macrophage inflammatory response through sting signaling in coxsackievirus b3 induced viral myocarditis |
| topic | CVB3 VMC mtDNA STING macrophage inflammatory response |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/21/2555 |
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