Presence of Spodoptera frugiperda Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV) Occlusion Bodies in Maize Field Soils of Mesoamerica
The occlusion bodies (OBs) of lepidopteran nucleopolyhedroviruses can persist in soil for extended periods before being transported back on to the foliage for transmission to the host insect. A sensitive insect bioassay technique was used to detect OBs of Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhed...
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/14/1/80 |
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| author | Trevor Williams Guadalupe del Carmen Melo-Molina Jaime A. Jiménez-Fernández Holger Weissenberger Juan S. Gómez-Díaz Laura Navarro-de-la-Fuente Andrew R. Richards |
| author_facet | Trevor Williams Guadalupe del Carmen Melo-Molina Jaime A. Jiménez-Fernández Holger Weissenberger Juan S. Gómez-Díaz Laura Navarro-de-la-Fuente Andrew R. Richards |
| author_sort | Trevor Williams |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The occlusion bodies (OBs) of lepidopteran nucleopolyhedroviruses can persist in soil for extended periods before being transported back on to the foliage for transmission to the host insect. A sensitive insect bioassay technique was used to detect OBs of Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV) in 186 soil samples collected from maize fields in the southern Mexican states of Chiapas, Tabasco, Campeche, Yucatán, and Quintana Roo, as well Belize and Guatemala. Overall, 35 (18.8%) samples proved positive for SfMNPV OBs. The frequency of OB-positive samples varied significantly among Mexican states and countries (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Between 1.7 and 4.4% of <i>S. frugiperda</i> larvae that consumed OB-positive samples died from polyhedrosis disease. Restriction endonuclease analysis using PstI and HindIII confirmed that the soil-derived isolates were strains of SfMNPV and that genetic diversity was evident among the isolates. The prevalence of OB-positive soil samples did not differ with altitude or extension (area) of the maize field, but it was significantly higher in fields with the presence of living maize plants compared to those containing dead plants or crop residues (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Georeferenced soil samples were used to identify soil types on digitized soil maps. Lithosol and Luvisol soils had a higher than average prevalence of OB-positive samples (42–45% positive) (<i>p</i> = 0.006), as did Andosol, Gleysol, and Vertisol soils (33–60% OB-positive), although the sample sizes were small (<5 samples) for the latter three soils. In contrast, Cambisol soils had a lower than average prevalence of OB-positive samples (5% positive). Bioassays on Acrisol, Fluvisol, Phaeozem, and Rendzina soils resulted in intermediate levels of OB-positive samples. We conclude that certain soil types may favor OB persistence and virus-mediated biological pest control. The soil is also likely to provide a valuable source of genetic diversity for the design of virus-based insecticides against this pest. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:14:21Z |
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| id | doaj.art-ea5a830309b8430796e71d8d78a52e82 |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:14:21Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-ea5a830309b8430796e71d8d78a52e822023-11-30T22:48:48ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502023-01-011418010.3390/insects14010080Presence of Spodoptera frugiperda Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV) Occlusion Bodies in Maize Field Soils of MesoamericaTrevor Williams0Guadalupe del Carmen Melo-Molina1Jaime A. Jiménez-Fernández2Holger Weissenberger3Juan S. Gómez-Díaz4Laura Navarro-de-la-Fuente5Andrew R. Richards6Instituto de Ecología AC (INECOL), Xalapa 91073, Veracruz, MexicoEl Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Tapachula 30700, Chiapas, MexicoEl Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Tapachula 30700, Chiapas, MexicoEl Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Chetumal 77014, Quintana Roo, MexicoInstituto de Ecología AC (INECOL), Xalapa 91073, Veracruz, MexicoInstituto de Ecología AC (INECOL), Xalapa 91073, Veracruz, MexicoCSIRO Division of Entomology, Canberra, ACT 2601, AustraliaThe occlusion bodies (OBs) of lepidopteran nucleopolyhedroviruses can persist in soil for extended periods before being transported back on to the foliage for transmission to the host insect. A sensitive insect bioassay technique was used to detect OBs of Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV) in 186 soil samples collected from maize fields in the southern Mexican states of Chiapas, Tabasco, Campeche, Yucatán, and Quintana Roo, as well Belize and Guatemala. Overall, 35 (18.8%) samples proved positive for SfMNPV OBs. The frequency of OB-positive samples varied significantly among Mexican states and countries (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Between 1.7 and 4.4% of <i>S. frugiperda</i> larvae that consumed OB-positive samples died from polyhedrosis disease. Restriction endonuclease analysis using PstI and HindIII confirmed that the soil-derived isolates were strains of SfMNPV and that genetic diversity was evident among the isolates. The prevalence of OB-positive soil samples did not differ with altitude or extension (area) of the maize field, but it was significantly higher in fields with the presence of living maize plants compared to those containing dead plants or crop residues (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Georeferenced soil samples were used to identify soil types on digitized soil maps. Lithosol and Luvisol soils had a higher than average prevalence of OB-positive samples (42–45% positive) (<i>p</i> = 0.006), as did Andosol, Gleysol, and Vertisol soils (33–60% OB-positive), although the sample sizes were small (<5 samples) for the latter three soils. In contrast, Cambisol soils had a lower than average prevalence of OB-positive samples (5% positive). Bioassays on Acrisol, Fluvisol, Phaeozem, and Rendzina soils resulted in intermediate levels of OB-positive samples. We conclude that certain soil types may favor OB persistence and virus-mediated biological pest control. The soil is also likely to provide a valuable source of genetic diversity for the design of virus-based insecticides against this pest.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/14/1/80Baculoviridae<i>Alphabaculovirus</i>virus persistenceinsect bioassaygenetic diversitysoil type |
| spellingShingle | Trevor Williams Guadalupe del Carmen Melo-Molina Jaime A. Jiménez-Fernández Holger Weissenberger Juan S. Gómez-Díaz Laura Navarro-de-la-Fuente Andrew R. Richards Presence of Spodoptera frugiperda Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV) Occlusion Bodies in Maize Field Soils of Mesoamerica Insects Baculoviridae <i>Alphabaculovirus</i> virus persistence insect bioassay genetic diversity soil type |
| title | Presence of Spodoptera frugiperda Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV) Occlusion Bodies in Maize Field Soils of Mesoamerica |
| title_full | Presence of Spodoptera frugiperda Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV) Occlusion Bodies in Maize Field Soils of Mesoamerica |
| title_fullStr | Presence of Spodoptera frugiperda Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV) Occlusion Bodies in Maize Field Soils of Mesoamerica |
| title_full_unstemmed | Presence of Spodoptera frugiperda Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV) Occlusion Bodies in Maize Field Soils of Mesoamerica |
| title_short | Presence of Spodoptera frugiperda Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV) Occlusion Bodies in Maize Field Soils of Mesoamerica |
| title_sort | presence of spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus sfmnpv occlusion bodies in maize field soils of mesoamerica |
| topic | Baculoviridae <i>Alphabaculovirus</i> virus persistence insect bioassay genetic diversity soil type |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/14/1/80 |
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