Comparative Study on Inhibition of Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Resveratrol Gold Nanoparticles and a Resveratrol Nanoemulsion Prepared from Grape Skin
Resveratrol, a phenolic compound possessing vital biological activities such as anti-cancer, is present abundantly in grape skin, a waste produced during the processing of grape juice. The objectives of this study were to prepare resveratrol-gold nanoparticles and a resveratrol nanoemulsion from gra...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/11/1871 |
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| author | Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj Leng-Huei Hua Bing-Huei Chen |
| author_facet | Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj Leng-Huei Hua Bing-Huei Chen |
| author_sort | Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Resveratrol, a phenolic compound possessing vital biological activities such as anti-cancer, is present abundantly in grape skin, a waste produced during the processing of grape juice. The objectives of this study were to prepare resveratrol-gold nanoparticles and a resveratrol nanoemulsion from grape skin and study their inhibition effects on pancreatic cancer cells BxPC-3. The spherical-shaped citrate gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and resveratrol-gold nanoparticles (R-GNPs) were, respectively, prepared with a surface plasmon resonance peak at 528 and 538 nm, mean particle size of 20.8 and 11.9 nm, and zeta-potential at −32.7 and −66.7 mV, by controlling an appropriate concentration of citrate/resveratrol and gold chloride as well as stirring time and temperature. The resveratrol nanoemulsion, composed of soybean oil, Tween 80, and sucrose fatty acid ester in glycerol and water, possessed a high storage stability with a mean particle size of 14.1 nm, zeta-potential of −49.7 mV, and encapsulation efficiency of 95.5%. An antiproliferation study revealed that both R-GNPs and resveratrol nanoemulsion could effectively inhibit the growth of pancreatic cancer cells BxPC-3, with the latter showing a higher inhibition effect. Western blot analysis implied that both can down-regulate expressions of cyclin A, cyclin B, CDK1, and CDK2 and up-regulate expressions of p53 and p21, accompanied by enhancing cytochrome C expression, decreasing BcL-2 expression, increasing Bax expression, and leading to the elevation of caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3 activities for cell apoptosis execution. Future research is needed to study the inhibition of pancreatic tumors in vivo by R-GNPs and resveratrol nanoemulsions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:09:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ea5b90e39a1e40c4978e013c2f60abc9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:09:27Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-ea5b90e39a1e40c4978e013c2f60abc92023-11-23T00:58:54ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232021-11-011311187110.3390/pharmaceutics13111871Comparative Study on Inhibition of Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Resveratrol Gold Nanoparticles and a Resveratrol Nanoemulsion Prepared from Grape SkinBaskaran Stephen Inbaraj0Leng-Huei Hua1Bing-Huei Chen2Department of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, TaiwanDepartment of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, TaiwanDepartment of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, TaiwanResveratrol, a phenolic compound possessing vital biological activities such as anti-cancer, is present abundantly in grape skin, a waste produced during the processing of grape juice. The objectives of this study were to prepare resveratrol-gold nanoparticles and a resveratrol nanoemulsion from grape skin and study their inhibition effects on pancreatic cancer cells BxPC-3. The spherical-shaped citrate gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and resveratrol-gold nanoparticles (R-GNPs) were, respectively, prepared with a surface plasmon resonance peak at 528 and 538 nm, mean particle size of 20.8 and 11.9 nm, and zeta-potential at −32.7 and −66.7 mV, by controlling an appropriate concentration of citrate/resveratrol and gold chloride as well as stirring time and temperature. The resveratrol nanoemulsion, composed of soybean oil, Tween 80, and sucrose fatty acid ester in glycerol and water, possessed a high storage stability with a mean particle size of 14.1 nm, zeta-potential of −49.7 mV, and encapsulation efficiency of 95.5%. An antiproliferation study revealed that both R-GNPs and resveratrol nanoemulsion could effectively inhibit the growth of pancreatic cancer cells BxPC-3, with the latter showing a higher inhibition effect. Western blot analysis implied that both can down-regulate expressions of cyclin A, cyclin B, CDK1, and CDK2 and up-regulate expressions of p53 and p21, accompanied by enhancing cytochrome C expression, decreasing BcL-2 expression, increasing Bax expression, and leading to the elevation of caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3 activities for cell apoptosis execution. Future research is needed to study the inhibition of pancreatic tumors in vivo by R-GNPs and resveratrol nanoemulsions.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/11/1871grape skinresveratrol-gold nanoparticleresveratrol nanoemulsionpancreatic cancer cells BxPC-3western blotting |
| spellingShingle | Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj Leng-Huei Hua Bing-Huei Chen Comparative Study on Inhibition of Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Resveratrol Gold Nanoparticles and a Resveratrol Nanoemulsion Prepared from Grape Skin Pharmaceutics grape skin resveratrol-gold nanoparticle resveratrol nanoemulsion pancreatic cancer cells BxPC-3 western blotting |
| title | Comparative Study on Inhibition of Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Resveratrol Gold Nanoparticles and a Resveratrol Nanoemulsion Prepared from Grape Skin |
| title_full | Comparative Study on Inhibition of Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Resveratrol Gold Nanoparticles and a Resveratrol Nanoemulsion Prepared from Grape Skin |
| title_fullStr | Comparative Study on Inhibition of Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Resveratrol Gold Nanoparticles and a Resveratrol Nanoemulsion Prepared from Grape Skin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Study on Inhibition of Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Resveratrol Gold Nanoparticles and a Resveratrol Nanoemulsion Prepared from Grape Skin |
| title_short | Comparative Study on Inhibition of Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Resveratrol Gold Nanoparticles and a Resveratrol Nanoemulsion Prepared from Grape Skin |
| title_sort | comparative study on inhibition of pancreatic cancer cells by resveratrol gold nanoparticles and a resveratrol nanoemulsion prepared from grape skin |
| topic | grape skin resveratrol-gold nanoparticle resveratrol nanoemulsion pancreatic cancer cells BxPC-3 western blotting |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/11/1871 |
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