Water mass structure determine the prokaryotic community and metabolic pattern in the Korea Strait during fall 2018 and 2019
The Korea Strait (KS) is a crucial marine passage for transporting heat, salt, and materials from the South Sea to the East Sea. The Tsushima Warm Water (TWW) and Korea Strait Bottom Cold Water (KSBCW) are major water masses that flow across the strait, but their effects on prokaryotic communities h...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1215251/full |
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| author | Satheeswaran Thangaraj Satheeswaran Thangaraj Satheeswaran Thangaraj Satheeswaran Thangaraj Hyo-Ryeon Kim Seo-Young Kim Hae-Kun Jung Ju-Hyoung Kim Il-Nam Kim |
| author_facet | Satheeswaran Thangaraj Satheeswaran Thangaraj Satheeswaran Thangaraj Satheeswaran Thangaraj Hyo-Ryeon Kim Seo-Young Kim Hae-Kun Jung Ju-Hyoung Kim Il-Nam Kim |
| author_sort | Satheeswaran Thangaraj |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Korea Strait (KS) is a crucial marine passage for transporting heat, salt, and materials from the South Sea to the East Sea. The Tsushima Warm Water (TWW) and Korea Strait Bottom Cold Water (KSBCW) are major water masses that flow across the strait, but their effects on prokaryotic communities have been unclear. We used high-throughput sequencing to study the impact of TWW and KSBCW on prokaryotic composition and metabolic changes in the upper (0–50m; UL), middle (50–75m; ML), and bottom (75–150m; BL) layers during the fall of 2018 and 2019. The results showed that the UL had a freshwater influence from Changjiang Diluted Water in 2019, altering prokaryotic compositions and metabolic potentials. The KSBCW in the BL transported new bacterial communities with unique metabolic characteristics. Key genes involved in carbon metabolism had water mass impacts, preferring lower saline and temperature environments, and carbon fixation potential shifted from phototrophs in 2018 to chemotrophs in 2019. Temperature changes induced acclimation processes producing heat- and cold-shock genes/proteins. Our findings indicate that the freshwater influence and KSBCW modified the prokaryotic composition and metabolic function differentially. These results are important in understanding the relationship between water masses and ongoing environmental changes in this understudied region. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T22:30:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ea5da127ac6d4100b1a48cdb2e959d92 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T22:30:05Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-ea5da127ac6d4100b1a48cdb2e959d922023-07-21T16:41:09ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452023-07-011010.3389/fmars.2023.12152511215251Water mass structure determine the prokaryotic community and metabolic pattern in the Korea Strait during fall 2018 and 2019Satheeswaran Thangaraj0Satheeswaran Thangaraj1Satheeswaran Thangaraj2Satheeswaran Thangaraj3Hyo-Ryeon Kim4Seo-Young Kim5Hae-Kun Jung6Ju-Hyoung Kim7Il-Nam Kim8Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of KoreaFreddy and Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, IsraelInteruniversity Institute for Marine Sciences, Eilat, IsraelDepartment of Physiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IndiaDepartment of Marine Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Marine Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of KoreaFisheries Resources and Environment Research Division, East Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Gangneung, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Aquaculture and Aquatic Science, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Marine Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of KoreaThe Korea Strait (KS) is a crucial marine passage for transporting heat, salt, and materials from the South Sea to the East Sea. The Tsushima Warm Water (TWW) and Korea Strait Bottom Cold Water (KSBCW) are major water masses that flow across the strait, but their effects on prokaryotic communities have been unclear. We used high-throughput sequencing to study the impact of TWW and KSBCW on prokaryotic composition and metabolic changes in the upper (0–50m; UL), middle (50–75m; ML), and bottom (75–150m; BL) layers during the fall of 2018 and 2019. The results showed that the UL had a freshwater influence from Changjiang Diluted Water in 2019, altering prokaryotic compositions and metabolic potentials. The KSBCW in the BL transported new bacterial communities with unique metabolic characteristics. Key genes involved in carbon metabolism had water mass impacts, preferring lower saline and temperature environments, and carbon fixation potential shifted from phototrophs in 2018 to chemotrophs in 2019. Temperature changes induced acclimation processes producing heat- and cold-shock genes/proteins. Our findings indicate that the freshwater influence and KSBCW modified the prokaryotic composition and metabolic function differentially. These results are important in understanding the relationship between water masses and ongoing environmental changes in this understudied region.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1215251/fullprokaryotesbacteriawater masscarbon metabolismstress genesKorea Strait |
| spellingShingle | Satheeswaran Thangaraj Satheeswaran Thangaraj Satheeswaran Thangaraj Satheeswaran Thangaraj Hyo-Ryeon Kim Seo-Young Kim Hae-Kun Jung Ju-Hyoung Kim Il-Nam Kim Water mass structure determine the prokaryotic community and metabolic pattern in the Korea Strait during fall 2018 and 2019 Frontiers in Marine Science prokaryotes bacteria water mass carbon metabolism stress genes Korea Strait |
| title | Water mass structure determine the prokaryotic community and metabolic pattern in the Korea Strait during fall 2018 and 2019 |
| title_full | Water mass structure determine the prokaryotic community and metabolic pattern in the Korea Strait during fall 2018 and 2019 |
| title_fullStr | Water mass structure determine the prokaryotic community and metabolic pattern in the Korea Strait during fall 2018 and 2019 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Water mass structure determine the prokaryotic community and metabolic pattern in the Korea Strait during fall 2018 and 2019 |
| title_short | Water mass structure determine the prokaryotic community and metabolic pattern in the Korea Strait during fall 2018 and 2019 |
| title_sort | water mass structure determine the prokaryotic community and metabolic pattern in the korea strait during fall 2018 and 2019 |
| topic | prokaryotes bacteria water mass carbon metabolism stress genes Korea Strait |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1215251/full |
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