An Analysis of Climate Impacts on Herbicide, Insecticide, and Fungicide Expenditures
The climate alters pest populations and in turn, pesticide use and cost as well as use of other pest treatments. This paper analyzes the effect of the climate on pesticide expenditures by category, namely: fungicides, herbicides, and insecticides. This is done by econometrically estimating the effec...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-05-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/5/745 |
| _version_ | 1797567395667116032 |
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| author | Lauren A. Rhodes Bruce A. McCarl |
| author_facet | Lauren A. Rhodes Bruce A. McCarl |
| author_sort | Lauren A. Rhodes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The climate alters pest populations and in turn, pesticide use and cost as well as use of other pest treatments. This paper analyzes the effect of the climate on pesticide expenditures by category, namely: fungicides, herbicides, and insecticides. This is done by econometrically estimating the effects of climate variables such as mean temperature and precipitation as well as the number of hot days, cold days, and wet days on the mean and variance of expenditures by category. The estimates are performed for corn, soybeans, spring and winter wheat, and potatoes. We find that climate factors influence fungicide, herbicide, and insecticide expenditures and that this influence is heterogeneous, varying in nature across crops and pesticide categories. Moreover, we find that climate extremes are more important in determining pesticide expenditures than climate averages in several cases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:41:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ea5ec4bfa8764a84905a3666853d6552 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:41:07Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-ea5ec4bfa8764a84905a3666853d65522023-11-20T01:13:58ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952020-05-0110574510.3390/agronomy10050745An Analysis of Climate Impacts on Herbicide, Insecticide, and Fungicide ExpendituresLauren A. Rhodes0Bruce A. McCarl1Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanísticas, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Guayaquil 090112, EcuadorDepartment of Agricultural Economics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USAThe climate alters pest populations and in turn, pesticide use and cost as well as use of other pest treatments. This paper analyzes the effect of the climate on pesticide expenditures by category, namely: fungicides, herbicides, and insecticides. This is done by econometrically estimating the effects of climate variables such as mean temperature and precipitation as well as the number of hot days, cold days, and wet days on the mean and variance of expenditures by category. The estimates are performed for corn, soybeans, spring and winter wheat, and potatoes. We find that climate factors influence fungicide, herbicide, and insecticide expenditures and that this influence is heterogeneous, varying in nature across crops and pesticide categories. Moreover, we find that climate extremes are more important in determining pesticide expenditures than climate averages in several cases.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/5/745pesticidesclimateexpendituresherbicidesinsecticidesfungicides |
| spellingShingle | Lauren A. Rhodes Bruce A. McCarl An Analysis of Climate Impacts on Herbicide, Insecticide, and Fungicide Expenditures Agronomy pesticides climate expenditures herbicides insecticides fungicides |
| title | An Analysis of Climate Impacts on Herbicide, Insecticide, and Fungicide Expenditures |
| title_full | An Analysis of Climate Impacts on Herbicide, Insecticide, and Fungicide Expenditures |
| title_fullStr | An Analysis of Climate Impacts on Herbicide, Insecticide, and Fungicide Expenditures |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Analysis of Climate Impacts on Herbicide, Insecticide, and Fungicide Expenditures |
| title_short | An Analysis of Climate Impacts on Herbicide, Insecticide, and Fungicide Expenditures |
| title_sort | analysis of climate impacts on herbicide insecticide and fungicide expenditures |
| topic | pesticides climate expenditures herbicides insecticides fungicides |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/5/745 |
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