Primary versus Secondary Elevations in Fundus Autofluorescence
The method of quantitative fundus autofluorescence (qAF) can be used to assess the levels of bisretinoids in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells so as to aid the interpretation and management of a variety of retinal conditions. In this review, we focused on seven retinal diseases to highlight the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/15/12327 |
| _version_ | 1797586638472216576 |
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| author | Rait Parmann Stephen H. Tsang Janet R. Sparrow |
| author_facet | Rait Parmann Stephen H. Tsang Janet R. Sparrow |
| author_sort | Rait Parmann |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The method of quantitative fundus autofluorescence (qAF) can be used to assess the levels of bisretinoids in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells so as to aid the interpretation and management of a variety of retinal conditions. In this review, we focused on seven retinal diseases to highlight the possible pathways to increased fundus autofluorescence. <i>ABCA4</i>- and <i>RDH12</i>-associated diseases benefit from known mechanisms whereby gene malfunctioning leads to elevated bisretinoid levels in RPE cells. On the other hand, <i>peripherin2/RDS</i>-associated disease (<i>PRPH2/RDS</i>), retinitis pigmentosa (RP), central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR), and <i>ceramide kinase like</i> (<i>CERKL</i>)-associated retinal degeneration all express abnormally high fundus autofluorescence levels without a demonstrated pathophysiological pathway for bisretinoid elevation. We suggest that, while a known link from gene mutation to increased production of bisretinoids (as in <i>ABCA4</i>- and <i>RDH12</i>-associated diseases) causes primary elevation in fundus autofluorescence, a secondary autofluorescence elevation also exists, where an impairment and degeneration of photoreceptor cells by various causes leads to an increase in bisretinoid levels in RPE cells. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:25:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ea647f276b8e44c5b6fecc753ac364ea |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:25:54Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-ea647f276b8e44c5b6fecc753ac364ea2023-11-18T23:03:31ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-08-0124151232710.3390/ijms241512327Primary versus Secondary Elevations in Fundus AutofluorescenceRait Parmann0Stephen H. Tsang1Janet R. Sparrow2Departments of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, 635 W. 165th Street, New York, NY 10032, USADepartments of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, 635 W. 165th Street, New York, NY 10032, USADepartments of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, 635 W. 165th Street, New York, NY 10032, USAThe method of quantitative fundus autofluorescence (qAF) can be used to assess the levels of bisretinoids in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells so as to aid the interpretation and management of a variety of retinal conditions. In this review, we focused on seven retinal diseases to highlight the possible pathways to increased fundus autofluorescence. <i>ABCA4</i>- and <i>RDH12</i>-associated diseases benefit from known mechanisms whereby gene malfunctioning leads to elevated bisretinoid levels in RPE cells. On the other hand, <i>peripherin2/RDS</i>-associated disease (<i>PRPH2/RDS</i>), retinitis pigmentosa (RP), central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR), and <i>ceramide kinase like</i> (<i>CERKL</i>)-associated retinal degeneration all express abnormally high fundus autofluorescence levels without a demonstrated pathophysiological pathway for bisretinoid elevation. We suggest that, while a known link from gene mutation to increased production of bisretinoids (as in <i>ABCA4</i>- and <i>RDH12</i>-associated diseases) causes primary elevation in fundus autofluorescence, a secondary autofluorescence elevation also exists, where an impairment and degeneration of photoreceptor cells by various causes leads to an increase in bisretinoid levels in RPE cells.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/15/12327fundus autofluorescencequantitative fundus autofluorescenceshort-wavelength fundus autofluorescenceoptical coherence tomographyretina |
| spellingShingle | Rait Parmann Stephen H. Tsang Janet R. Sparrow Primary versus Secondary Elevations in Fundus Autofluorescence International Journal of Molecular Sciences fundus autofluorescence quantitative fundus autofluorescence short-wavelength fundus autofluorescence optical coherence tomography retina |
| title | Primary versus Secondary Elevations in Fundus Autofluorescence |
| title_full | Primary versus Secondary Elevations in Fundus Autofluorescence |
| title_fullStr | Primary versus Secondary Elevations in Fundus Autofluorescence |
| title_full_unstemmed | Primary versus Secondary Elevations in Fundus Autofluorescence |
| title_short | Primary versus Secondary Elevations in Fundus Autofluorescence |
| title_sort | primary versus secondary elevations in fundus autofluorescence |
| topic | fundus autofluorescence quantitative fundus autofluorescence short-wavelength fundus autofluorescence optical coherence tomography retina |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/15/12327 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT raitparmann primaryversussecondaryelevationsinfundusautofluorescence AT stephenhtsang primaryversussecondaryelevationsinfundusautofluorescence AT janetrsparrow primaryversussecondaryelevationsinfundusautofluorescence |