Successful and unsuccessful weight-loss maintainers: strategies to counteract metabolic compensation following weight loss
Adaptive thermogenesis and reduced fat oxidative capacity may accompany weight loss, continuing in weight maintenance. The present study aimed (1) to determine whether weight-reduced and weight-loss relapsed women are at greater metabolic risk for weight gain compared with BMI-matched controls with...
Main Authors: | , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Cambridge University Press
2018-01-01
|
Series: | Journal of Nutritional Science |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2048679018000113/type/journal_article |
_version_ | 1811155953573167104 |
---|---|
author | Louise D. Clamp David J. Hume Estelle V. Lambert Jacolene Kroff |
author_facet | Louise D. Clamp David J. Hume Estelle V. Lambert Jacolene Kroff |
author_sort | Louise D. Clamp |
collection | DOAJ |
description | Adaptive thermogenesis and reduced fat oxidative capacity may accompany weight loss, continuing in weight maintenance. The present study aimed (1) to determine whether weight-reduced and weight-loss relapsed women are at greater metabolic risk for weight gain compared with BMI-matched controls with no weight-loss history, and (2) to identify protective strategies that might attenuate weight loss-associated adaptive thermogenesis and support successful weight-loss maintenance. Four groups of women were recruited: reduced-overweight/obese (RED, n 15), controls (low-weight stable weight; LSW, n 19) BMI <27 kg/m2; relapsed-overweight/obese (REL, n 11), controls (overweight/obese stable weight; OSW, n 11) BMI >27 kg/m2. Body composition (bioelectrical impedance), 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, fasting and postprandial metabolic rate (MR) and substrate utilisation (RER) and physical activity (accelerometer (7 d)) were measured. Sociobehavioural questionnaires and 3 × 24 h diet recalls were completed. Fasting and postprandial MR, RER and total daily energy intake (TDEI) were not different between RED and REL v. controls (P > 0·05). RED consumed less carbohydrate (44·8 (sd 10·3) v. 53·4 (sd 10·0) % TDEI, P = 0·020), more protein (19·2 (sd 6·0) v. 15·6 (sd 4·2) % TDEI, P = 0·049) and increased physical activity, but behaviourally reported greater dietary restraint (P = 0·002) compared with controls. TDEI, macronutrient intake and physical activity were similar between OSW and REL. REL reported higher subjective fasting and lower postprandial ratings of prospective food consumption compared with OSW. Weight-reduced women had similar RMR (adjusted for fat-free mass) compared with controls with no weight-loss history. Increased physical activity, higher protein intake and greater lean muscle mass may have counteracted weight loss-associated metabolic compensation and highlights their importance in weight-maintenance programmes. |
first_indexed | 2024-04-10T04:42:22Z |
format | Article |
id | doaj.art-ea68a47a1d824b1997052504e7b7ad5e |
institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
issn | 2048-6790 |
language | English |
last_indexed | 2024-04-10T04:42:22Z |
publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
publisher | Cambridge University Press |
record_format | Article |
series | Journal of Nutritional Science |
spelling | doaj.art-ea68a47a1d824b1997052504e7b7ad5e2023-03-09T12:38:59ZengCambridge University PressJournal of Nutritional Science2048-67902018-01-01710.1017/jns.2018.11Successful and unsuccessful weight-loss maintainers: strategies to counteract metabolic compensation following weight lossLouise D. Clamp0David J. Hume1Estelle V. Lambert2Jacolene Kroff3Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South AfricaDivision of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South AfricaDivision of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South AfricaDivision of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South AfricaAdaptive thermogenesis and reduced fat oxidative capacity may accompany weight loss, continuing in weight maintenance. The present study aimed (1) to determine whether weight-reduced and weight-loss relapsed women are at greater metabolic risk for weight gain compared with BMI-matched controls with no weight-loss history, and (2) to identify protective strategies that might attenuate weight loss-associated adaptive thermogenesis and support successful weight-loss maintenance. Four groups of women were recruited: reduced-overweight/obese (RED, n 15), controls (low-weight stable weight; LSW, n 19) BMI <27 kg/m2; relapsed-overweight/obese (REL, n 11), controls (overweight/obese stable weight; OSW, n 11) BMI >27 kg/m2. Body composition (bioelectrical impedance), 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, fasting and postprandial metabolic rate (MR) and substrate utilisation (RER) and physical activity (accelerometer (7 d)) were measured. Sociobehavioural questionnaires and 3 × 24 h diet recalls were completed. Fasting and postprandial MR, RER and total daily energy intake (TDEI) were not different between RED and REL v. controls (P > 0·05). RED consumed less carbohydrate (44·8 (sd 10·3) v. 53·4 (sd 10·0) % TDEI, P = 0·020), more protein (19·2 (sd 6·0) v. 15·6 (sd 4·2) % TDEI, P = 0·049) and increased physical activity, but behaviourally reported greater dietary restraint (P = 0·002) compared with controls. TDEI, macronutrient intake and physical activity were similar between OSW and REL. REL reported higher subjective fasting and lower postprandial ratings of prospective food consumption compared with OSW. Weight-reduced women had similar RMR (adjusted for fat-free mass) compared with controls with no weight-loss history. Increased physical activity, higher protein intake and greater lean muscle mass may have counteracted weight loss-associated metabolic compensation and highlights their importance in weight-maintenance programmes.https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2048679018000113/type/journal_articleEnergy expenditureSubstrate utilisationWeight-loss maintenanceWeight-loss relapse |
spellingShingle | Louise D. Clamp David J. Hume Estelle V. Lambert Jacolene Kroff Successful and unsuccessful weight-loss maintainers: strategies to counteract metabolic compensation following weight loss Journal of Nutritional Science Energy expenditure Substrate utilisation Weight-loss maintenance Weight-loss relapse |
title | Successful and unsuccessful weight-loss maintainers: strategies to counteract metabolic compensation following weight loss |
title_full | Successful and unsuccessful weight-loss maintainers: strategies to counteract metabolic compensation following weight loss |
title_fullStr | Successful and unsuccessful weight-loss maintainers: strategies to counteract metabolic compensation following weight loss |
title_full_unstemmed | Successful and unsuccessful weight-loss maintainers: strategies to counteract metabolic compensation following weight loss |
title_short | Successful and unsuccessful weight-loss maintainers: strategies to counteract metabolic compensation following weight loss |
title_sort | successful and unsuccessful weight loss maintainers strategies to counteract metabolic compensation following weight loss |
topic | Energy expenditure Substrate utilisation Weight-loss maintenance Weight-loss relapse |
url | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2048679018000113/type/journal_article |
work_keys_str_mv | AT louisedclamp successfulandunsuccessfulweightlossmaintainersstrategiestocounteractmetaboliccompensationfollowingweightloss AT davidjhume successfulandunsuccessfulweightlossmaintainersstrategiestocounteractmetaboliccompensationfollowingweightloss AT estellevlambert successfulandunsuccessfulweightlossmaintainersstrategiestocounteractmetaboliccompensationfollowingweightloss AT jacolenekroff successfulandunsuccessfulweightlossmaintainersstrategiestocounteractmetaboliccompensationfollowingweightloss |