LC-MS/MS Validation and Quantification of Cyanotoxins in Algal Food Supplements from the Belgium Market and Their Molecular Origins
Food supplements are gaining popularity worldwide. However, harmful natural compounds can contaminate these products. In the case of algae-based products, the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria may cause health risks. However, data about the prevalence of algal food supplements on the Belgian...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/8/513 |
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| author | Wannes Hugo R. Van Hassel Anne-Catherine Ahn Bart Huybrechts Julien Masquelier Annick Wilmotte Mirjana Andjelkovic |
| author_facet | Wannes Hugo R. Van Hassel Anne-Catherine Ahn Bart Huybrechts Julien Masquelier Annick Wilmotte Mirjana Andjelkovic |
| author_sort | Wannes Hugo R. Van Hassel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Food supplements are gaining popularity worldwide. However, harmful natural compounds can contaminate these products. In the case of algae-based products, the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria may cause health risks. However, data about the prevalence of algal food supplements on the Belgian market and possible contaminations with cyanotoxins are scarce. Therefore, we optimized and validated a method based on Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry to quantify eight microcystin congeners and nodularin in algal food supplements. Our analytical method was successfully validated and applied on 35 food supplement samples. Nine out of these samples contained microcystin congeners, of which three exceeded 1 µg g<sup>−1</sup>, a previously proposed guideline value. Additionally, the <i>mcyE</i> gene was amplified and sequenced in ten products to identify the taxon responsible for the toxin production. For seven out of these ten samples, the <i>mcyE</i> gene could be amplified and associated to <i>Microcystis</i> sp. EFSA and posology consumption data for algal-based food supplements were both combined with our toxin prevalence data to establish different toxin exposure scenarios to assess health risks and propose new guideline values. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:45:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ea6d73147b9e4491a82bd78b97952700 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:45:59Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-ea6d73147b9e4491a82bd78b979527002023-12-03T14:35:14ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512022-07-0114851310.3390/toxins14080513LC-MS/MS Validation and Quantification of Cyanotoxins in Algal Food Supplements from the Belgium Market and Their Molecular OriginsWannes Hugo R. Van Hassel0Anne-Catherine Ahn1Bart Huybrechts2Julien Masquelier3Annick Wilmotte4Mirjana Andjelkovic5Unit Toxins, Organic Contaminants and Additives, Sciensano, Rue Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, BelgiumBCCM/ULC Collection, University of Liège, Allée du six Août 11, 4000 Liège, BelgiumUnit Toxins, Organic Contaminants and Additives, Sciensano, Rue Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, BelgiumUnit Toxins, Organic Contaminants and Additives, Sciensano, Rue Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, BelgiumInBios-Centre for Protein Engineering, Departement of Life Sciences, University of Liège, Allée du six Août 11, 4000 Liège, BelgiumRisk and -Health Impact Assessment, Sciensano, Rue Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, BelgiumFood supplements are gaining popularity worldwide. However, harmful natural compounds can contaminate these products. In the case of algae-based products, the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria may cause health risks. However, data about the prevalence of algal food supplements on the Belgian market and possible contaminations with cyanotoxins are scarce. Therefore, we optimized and validated a method based on Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry to quantify eight microcystin congeners and nodularin in algal food supplements. Our analytical method was successfully validated and applied on 35 food supplement samples. Nine out of these samples contained microcystin congeners, of which three exceeded 1 µg g<sup>−1</sup>, a previously proposed guideline value. Additionally, the <i>mcyE</i> gene was amplified and sequenced in ten products to identify the taxon responsible for the toxin production. For seven out of these ten samples, the <i>mcyE</i> gene could be amplified and associated to <i>Microcystis</i> sp. EFSA and posology consumption data for algal-based food supplements were both combined with our toxin prevalence data to establish different toxin exposure scenarios to assess health risks and propose new guideline values.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/8/513ultra-high performance liquid chromatographyTandem Mass SpectrometryBGASmicrocystin<i>Microcystis</i>sequencing |
| spellingShingle | Wannes Hugo R. Van Hassel Anne-Catherine Ahn Bart Huybrechts Julien Masquelier Annick Wilmotte Mirjana Andjelkovic LC-MS/MS Validation and Quantification of Cyanotoxins in Algal Food Supplements from the Belgium Market and Their Molecular Origins Toxins ultra-high performance liquid chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry BGAS microcystin <i>Microcystis</i> sequencing |
| title | LC-MS/MS Validation and Quantification of Cyanotoxins in Algal Food Supplements from the Belgium Market and Their Molecular Origins |
| title_full | LC-MS/MS Validation and Quantification of Cyanotoxins in Algal Food Supplements from the Belgium Market and Their Molecular Origins |
| title_fullStr | LC-MS/MS Validation and Quantification of Cyanotoxins in Algal Food Supplements from the Belgium Market and Their Molecular Origins |
| title_full_unstemmed | LC-MS/MS Validation and Quantification of Cyanotoxins in Algal Food Supplements from the Belgium Market and Their Molecular Origins |
| title_short | LC-MS/MS Validation and Quantification of Cyanotoxins in Algal Food Supplements from the Belgium Market and Their Molecular Origins |
| title_sort | lc ms ms validation and quantification of cyanotoxins in algal food supplements from the belgium market and their molecular origins |
| topic | ultra-high performance liquid chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry BGAS microcystin <i>Microcystis</i> sequencing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/8/513 |
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