Malaria prevalence in Pakistan: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2006–2021)
Malaria is one of the major public health issues globally. Malaria infection spreads through mosquito bites from infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. This study aims to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on malaria prevalence in Pakistan from 2006 to 2021. We searched PubMed, Science Dir...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240584402302580X |
| _version_ | 1797836987941519360 |
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| author | Muhammad Imran Khan Humera Qureshi Suk Joo Bae Aamer Ali Khattak Muhammad Shahid Anwar Sadique Ahmad Fazal Hassan Shabir Ahmad |
| author_facet | Muhammad Imran Khan Humera Qureshi Suk Joo Bae Aamer Ali Khattak Muhammad Shahid Anwar Sadique Ahmad Fazal Hassan Shabir Ahmad |
| author_sort | Muhammad Imran Khan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Malaria is one of the major public health issues globally. Malaria infection spreads through mosquito bites from infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. This study aims to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on malaria prevalence in Pakistan from 2006 to 2021. We searched PubMed, Science Direct, EMBASE, EMCare, and Google Scholar to acquire data on the prevalence of malaria infections. We performed a meta-analysis with a random-effects model to obtain the pooled prevalence of malaria, Plasmodium vivax, and Plasmodium falciparum. Meta-analysis was computed using R 4.1.2 Version statistical software. I2 and time series analysis were performed to identify a possible source of heterogeneity across studies. A funnel plot and the Freeman-Tukey Double Arcsine Transformed Proportion were used to evaluate the presence of publication bias. Out of the 315 studies collected, only 45 full-text articles were screened and included in the final measurable meta-analysis. Pooled malaria prevalence in Pakistan was 23.3%, with Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum, and mixed infection rates of 79.13%, 16.29%, and 3.98%, respectively. Similarly, the analysis revealed that the maximum malaria prevalence was 99.79% in Karachi and the minimum was 1.68% in the Larkana district. Amazingly, this systematic review and meta-analysis detected a wide variation in malaria prevalence in Pakistan. Pakistan's public health department and other competent authorities should pay close attention to the large decrease in mosquito populations to curb the infection rate. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T15:17:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ea6dc5491798478f92464b263386d3ec |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T15:17:42Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-ea6dc5491798478f92464b263386d3ec2023-04-29T14:56:27ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402023-04-0194e15373Malaria prevalence in Pakistan: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2006–2021)Muhammad Imran Khan0Humera Qureshi1Suk Joo Bae2Aamer Ali Khattak3Muhammad Shahid Anwar4Sadique Ahmad5Fazal Hassan6Shabir Ahmad7Department of Industrial Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment of Industrial Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment of Industrial Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea; Corresponding author.Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, PakistanDepartment of AI and Software Gachon University Seongnam-si 13120, South Korea; Corresponding author.EIAS, Data Science and Blockchain Laboratory, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, PakistanIT Convergence Engineering, Gachon University, Gyonggi-do, Seongnam-si, Sujeong-gu, 13120, Republic of KoreaMalaria is one of the major public health issues globally. Malaria infection spreads through mosquito bites from infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. This study aims to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on malaria prevalence in Pakistan from 2006 to 2021. We searched PubMed, Science Direct, EMBASE, EMCare, and Google Scholar to acquire data on the prevalence of malaria infections. We performed a meta-analysis with a random-effects model to obtain the pooled prevalence of malaria, Plasmodium vivax, and Plasmodium falciparum. Meta-analysis was computed using R 4.1.2 Version statistical software. I2 and time series analysis were performed to identify a possible source of heterogeneity across studies. A funnel plot and the Freeman-Tukey Double Arcsine Transformed Proportion were used to evaluate the presence of publication bias. Out of the 315 studies collected, only 45 full-text articles were screened and included in the final measurable meta-analysis. Pooled malaria prevalence in Pakistan was 23.3%, with Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum, and mixed infection rates of 79.13%, 16.29%, and 3.98%, respectively. Similarly, the analysis revealed that the maximum malaria prevalence was 99.79% in Karachi and the minimum was 1.68% in the Larkana district. Amazingly, this systematic review and meta-analysis detected a wide variation in malaria prevalence in Pakistan. Pakistan's public health department and other competent authorities should pay close attention to the large decrease in mosquito populations to curb the infection rate.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240584402302580XMalariaMeta-analysisPakistanPlasmodium vivaxPlasmodium falciparum |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Imran Khan Humera Qureshi Suk Joo Bae Aamer Ali Khattak Muhammad Shahid Anwar Sadique Ahmad Fazal Hassan Shabir Ahmad Malaria prevalence in Pakistan: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2006–2021) Heliyon Malaria Meta-analysis Pakistan Plasmodium vivax Plasmodium falciparum |
| title | Malaria prevalence in Pakistan: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2006–2021) |
| title_full | Malaria prevalence in Pakistan: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2006–2021) |
| title_fullStr | Malaria prevalence in Pakistan: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2006–2021) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Malaria prevalence in Pakistan: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2006–2021) |
| title_short | Malaria prevalence in Pakistan: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2006–2021) |
| title_sort | malaria prevalence in pakistan a systematic review and meta analysis 2006 2021 |
| topic | Malaria Meta-analysis Pakistan Plasmodium vivax Plasmodium falciparum |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240584402302580X |
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